ΛCDM remains the leading cosmological model because our current best measurements indicate gravity is not strong enough to stop the universe’s expansion.
We do not know the ultimate fate of the universe, but the leading ideas are that it expands forever, collapses and starts over, or ends in something more extreme.
In shaping modern cosmology, Galileo articulated the relativity principle in 1632, Newton made gravity universal in 1687, and Einstein revealed gravity as the curvature of spacetime in 1915.
Physicists often talk about the idea that the universe exploded from nothing in a singularity, that idea is more philosophical than scientic. The universe’s expansion is scientific, the singularity itself remains speculative.
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