4. Math Theory
Terrence Howard: Debunking Terryology
Exploring Howard’s mathematical flaws.
December 13, 2025
Adapt. Evolve. Stay ahead.
NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
Stories: Big Bang Evolution World History Philosophy Science Futurism
Story of the week
TIMELINE STORY
Evolution
Proto-Play
- 300 million years ago (±20 million years)
- When curiosity first became joy.
Evolution of Play
TAKE-AWAY: Proto-play emerged in animals as brains got more complex about 300 million years ago. Something like enjoyment or satisfaction evolved as animals mimicked survival-like skills.
Science-based philosophy backed by critical thinking and history. At TouchstoneTruth, ideas matter. Explore the power of wisdom and discover how empirical thinking can lead to a better understanding of our world—and a better life.
Must-Reads
New Ideas
Updated
Ancient Humans
The Evolution of Vocabulary in Ancient Humans
Language < Evolution < Science
December 13, 2025
Speculative ideas exploring what is outside the CMB.
The nature of space and the motion of objects.
When and where ancient humans died out.
FAQ of the Week
1-MINUTE HOT TOPIC
1-Science
FAQ
Did red algae descend from green algae?
Plant Evolution
TAKE-AWAY: Red and green algae diverged 1.5 billion years ago, shaping marine ecosystems. Green algae later evolved into land plants around 475 million years ago, transforming Earth’s surface and atmosphere. Fun fact: blue-green algae aren’t algae—they’re photosynthetic bacteria!
Quote of the week
2-Philosophy
Quote
“Identity is easy — it’s me, whatever that is.”
- Michael Alan Prestwood
- 2024
Identity
TAKE-AWAY: Identity feels solid, but it shifts with every stage of life. You are not fixed; you’re evolving. This line reminds us that “me” isn’t a static definition but an ongoing story. Knowing that frees you to grow, question, and become something better than yesterday’s version.
New • Audiobook Edition
30 Philosophers
A modern journey through humanity’s best ideas — now in audio.
Narrated by the talented Alex Wolfgang
(credited on Audible/Amazon as Adam Carpenter)
Fun moment: in Chapter 17’s Play with Me
section he breaks the fourth wall and
briefly introduces himself by his real name.
Explore rational ideas about our empirical observations.
And build your wisdom using humanity’s best ideas.