Fear-based ethics are moral systems that guide through the threat of punishment, emphasizing “consequences,” over understanding, and “obedience,” over reasoning.
Plato’s detailed metaphysics did not include later souls. Heaven and hell were later inventions. He believed in at least four realms including his own idea of the realm of Forms.
Daoism emphasizes nature, Mohism strikes a balance between nature and society, Confucianism brings harmony to society, and Legalism brings authoritarianism to society.