While philosophical thought experiments like this are often used to explore human behavior—suggesting that immediate survival (the bread) is prioritized over long-term freedom (the key)—this scenario is also a great example of present bias. Present bias is a common cognitive bias that leads us to favor immediate rewards over long-term benefits, even when the long-term outcomes are far more valuable.

In my writing, I often focus on the Epicurean idea of favoring long-term pleasures over short-term ones. I think Epicureanism’s dichotomy of pleasure resonates surprisingly well with the modern idea of present bias—two millennia after it was crafted! One example I like to use is learning to favor the satisfaction of a committed, long-term relationship over the fleeting excitement of an affair.

Another clear example of present bias is choosing to spend money on unnecessary luxuries today instead of saving for retirement. When you opt for the thrill of buying a new gadget or dining at an expensive restaurant instead of putting money aside, you’re giving in to present bias.

A final example of present bias can be seen in health decisions. Eating fast food or skipping exercise may provide instant gratification or relief from effort, but these choices often come at the cost of long-term health and well-being.

Whether you view this concept through the ancient lens of Epicurean philosophy or the modern understanding of present bias, it shapes countless decisions in our daily lives—often pulling us toward choices that satisfy us now but fail to serve us in the future.