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King Shuruppak.
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2600 BCE.
One of humanity’s oldest moral instructions warns against arrogance and hatred, showing that ethical wisdom has roots running deep into prehistory.
Democritus introduced a radical idea: reality is composed of invisible atoms moving through empty space.
When Epicurus thought about epistemology within philosophy, he gravitated toward applied philosophy.
Socrates taught skepticism and critical thinking. He taught that a life with the seek truth tenant is required no matter what culture and time you live in.
Dice as old as 5,100 years ago illustrate how simple ideas can emerge independently and spread widely: a clear case of convergent invention and cultural transmission.