From History: ~1.3 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)
About 1.3 billion years ago, following the “Great Oxidation Event,” the bacterial world fractured into specialized lineages, creating the foundational “Ecological Cast” that still runs our planet and our bodies today.
About 2.4 billion years ago, Cyanobacteria “hacked” the sun to split water, releasing oxygen as a byproduct and triggering the first global environmental catastrophe and subsequent biological reset.
From History: 251,902,000 years ago (+/- 900 years).
The Permian-Triassic extinction was not just the end of many species. It was a planetary reset that destroyed the old synapsid-dominated world and opened the door for the archosaur line that would later give rise to dinosaurs.
From History: 66.04 million years ago to the present.
The Cenozoic era starts with the K–Pg extinction 66 million years ago. That event marks the sudden end of the reign of dinosaurs and the rise of mammals and birds.
From History: From 251.902 to 66.0 million years ago.
The Mesozoic era starts with the end-Permian mass extinction 252 million years ago. Dinosaurs ruled over all, including us. It ends the reign of dinosaurs with the K–Pg extinction 66 million years ago.