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Galaxies are Born

By Michael Alan Prestwood

Wed 27 Mar 2024
Published 2 years ago.
Updated 3 months ago.
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M31 Andromeda Galaxy
M31 Andromeda Galaxy

Galaxies are Born

13.4 Billion Years Ago
Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Current observations, such as those of GN-z11, suggest that galaxy formation began as early as 400 million years after the Big Bang. This galaxy, observed at a redshift of z=11.09, stands as a testament to the rapidity with which the universe’s first structures began to coalesce from the primordial gas. While the detection of GN-z11 provides empirical evidence of early galaxy formation, it also opens the door to speculation about even earlier galaxies that may await discovery with future advancements in telescope technology. These first galaxies likely did not have black holes at their centers. From a distant observation, these early galaxies likely lacked the pronounced bright centers associated with supermassive black holes, which are characteristic of many galaxies observed 13.8 billion years after the Big Bang.

— map / TST —

Michael Alan Prestwood
Author & Natural Philosopher
Prestwood writes on science-first philosophy, with particular attention to the convergence of disciplines. Drawing on his TST Framework, his work emphasizes rational inquiry grounded in empirical observation while engaging questions at the edges of established knowledge. With TouchstoneTruth positioned as a living touchstone, this work aims to contribute reliable, evolving analysis in an emerging AI era where the credibility of information is increasingly contested.
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This Week @ TST
April 8, 2026
»Column Archive
WWB Research….
1. Story of the Week
Pragmatism
2. Quote of the Week
“Our statements about the external world face the tribunal of sense experience not individually, but only as a corporate body.”
3. Science FAQ »
Why do scientific models work if they aren’t literally true?
4. Philosophy FAQ »
Is agnosticism a ludicrous position to occupy?
5. Critical Thinking FAQ »
Do my people and culture help or harm my critical thinking?
6. History FAQ!
Did Berger and Luckmann really say reality is just made up?
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TST Doxastic Formation: Public Belief, Tribe, and Worldview
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