By Natural Philosopher Mike Prestwood

Rational

Rational ideas that are not historical stories nor empirical observations. Things like the Earth is spherical, dinosaurs once existed, and algebra that are rationally sound and do not conflict with empirical data. 

geometry, mathematics, volume

The Invention of Calculus

Invented by Newton in the 1660s (pub. 1687) and independently by Leibniz in the 1680s (pub. 1684). Both built on Galileo’s popularizing the idea of the infinitesimal. Calculus, the mathematical study of continuous change, introduced the concepts of differentiation and integration, providing tools to model and analyze motion, growth, and the infinitesimal. Newton, working primarily […]

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The Birth of Logic

In the vibrant intellectual climate of Ancient Greece, the 6th century BCE marks the embryonic stage of formal logic, attributed to the philosopher Thales of Miletus (around 624-546 BCE). Thales, recognized as the first of the Seven Sages of Greece, embarked on a quest that laid the foundational stones of logical thought. He shifted the

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