Basic Timeline:
- 1787 – Article 1, S2, P3 of the Constitution states, “Representatives and direct Taxes shall be … determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons…excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.”
- 1868 – 14th Amendment passed, it declared all persons “born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof” were citizens. However, the “jurisdiction” requirement was interpreted to exclude most Native Americans.
- 1870 – 15th Amendment passed, “The right of citizens…to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.”
- 1924 – Indian Citizenship Act, a.k.a. The Snyder Act, made Native Americans citizens and gave them the rights granted by the 15th amendment. State constitutions and laws still needed to be challenged and changed 1 by 1.
- 1948 – Arizona changes constitution.
- 1965 – Voting Rights Act passed allowing federal enforcement of voting rights.
- 2013 – The Supreme Court guts the 1965 Voting Rights act in a purely partisan vote.
Native American voter suppression continues and is increased by Republicans, the Republican Party, and their supporters.
