How many galaxies can we see with the naked eye?

On a clear, dark night, most of us can see about three galaxies with the naked eye. These are the Andromeda Galaxy, which is over 2.5 million light years away, and our closest spiral galaxy; as well as the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds, which are smaller, irregular satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. While a few individuals with exceptional vision might spot the Triangulum Galaxy under optimal conditions, for the vast majority, these three are the only galaxies directly observable without the aid of a telescope. This visible count of galaxies reflects not only our place within the universe but also the limits of human eyesight in distinguishing distant galaxies among the stars. Despite the vastness of the universe and the countless galaxies it contains, only these few are close enough and bright enough to be seen unaided from Earth’s surface. For a deeper exploration, take the 5-minute deep dive: The Universe Before the Telescope.