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From 717 million years ago through 635.
Snowball Earth: When Ice Reached the Equator
Evolution
Cause: Continental Drift, Falling CO₂
Snowball Earth was a time when our planet may have frozen nearly from pole to pole, testing life and setting the stage for later biological change.
Science
Story
“Everything is in flux.”
- Heraclitus
- 500 BCE
Impermanence
Change is the only form of permanence that exists—first glimpsed by ancient thinkers, and now woven into the fabric of modern science.
Science
Quote
Atoms to Human Timeline
Earth Evolution
From atoms to cities.
Science
When did ancient humans develop symbolic thought?
- Likely by 440,000 BCE!
- Artistry evolved before Neanderthals which split from our common ancestor long before us.
Origins of Symbolic Thought
Neanderthals in Spain were leaving unmistakably symbolic marks on cave walls at least 70,000 years ago.
Science
FAQ