Stone Copper Age

Chalcolithic Period: 3,000 BCE – 500 BCE.

• Africa-Middle East: 36% or 5 million people
  Early civilizations include Egypt and Mesopotamia with a relatively higher population density.
• Asia: 36% or 5 million people
  Early civilizations include Indus Valley and ancient China. They saw early urban development and agriculture which supported larger populations.
• Europe-Mediterranean: 14% or 2 million people
  Smaller due to the varied climatic conditions and the later development of agriculture compared to the Middle East.
• The Americas: 7% or 1 million people
  More sparsely populated with many diverse hunter-gatherer communities and early agricultural societies, particularly in regions like Mesoamerica.
• Oceana-Australasia: 7% or 1 million people
  These regions were among the least densely populated, with scattered tribal groups primarily leading hunter-gatherer lifestyles.