The Nuremberg Trials did not invent the idea that you are responsible for your own actions. Humanity has wrestled with that for thousands of years. East, West, and everywhere else, thinkers have challenged rulers, traditions, and crowds when they believed something was wrong. But after World War II and the horrors of Nazi Germany, the world had a very specific problem to face: Can you excuse horrible acts by saying, “I was only following orders?”
At Nuremberg, the answer became clearly no. Governments act through people. Armies act through people. Companies, churches, and political parties all act through people. The Nuremberg Principles later made this explicit in international law: individuals can be held responsible even when acting under government authority. Following orders does not excuse bad acts.
Personal morality is where this becomes yours. A group can advise you and tell you what is normal, but you are still the moral agent making the choice. And that is where Good Intent matters. Good Intent is not simply meaning well. It is the process of thinking through what you know, listening to good advice, considering likely results, and then choosing the best action. You might still get it wrong, but it is you getting it wrong, not the crowd.
That is the lasting lesson. Listen to your friends, tribe and government, they have historical wisdom worth considering. But ultimately, you are still the moral agent of your life. You decide what you will do. When the group crosses into unnecessary harm, “everyone else was doing it” and “I was just following orders” are not enough. History clarified that at Nuremberg.