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Three Tidbit Stories

Critical Thinking.

3 random tidbit stories in about 3 minutes.

1.

Critical Thinking FAQ.

Pythagoras is often called the “father of numerology” because he saw numbers as the foundation of reality. His work in mathematics—especially in discovering numerical relationships in nature, music, and geometry—laid the groundwork for what we now call numerology.

Pythagoras lived in a time when science, philosophy, and spirituality were inseparable. The part of his work that identified mathematical patterns in nature stood the test of time and became the foundation of science and mathematics. The part where he assigned deeper, mystical meanings to numbers evolved into numerology, a pseudoscience. A framework where numerical harmony explains both the cosmos and the human soul.

History drew a line: mathematical relationships endured because they were testable; a few mystical interpretations survived as belief. Both reflect ancient ways of understanding reality, but only one became science.

In my book, 30 Philosophers, I focus on what we know, the provable stepping stones of human thought. Pythagoras’ contributions to mathematics are undeniable, but his numerology? That falls into the realm of personal belief. And in the grand history of philosophy, we all have the right to believe whatever we choose.

 


I wrote that Critical Thinking FAQ, 

and posted it to TST 1 year ago.

2.

Critical Thinking FAQ.

You cannot divide by zero because you cannot divide by zero in nature. It just doesn’t map to anything meaningful in reality.

Imagine a pie divided between two people. Each person gets half a pie. If they put their two halves together, they have one pie again. That makes sense. But when you have a whole pie and divide it by nothing, well, that is not doing anything. You are not dividing.

This is where the idea of division becomes philosophical. Math is a rational framework we use to describe patterns, quantities, and relationships in reality. But not every arrangement of words and symbols maps to a valid idea. Some expressions point to something real. Others expose the limits of the system, and dividing by zero is one of those limits.

To divide something, you have to divide it into something. So when you say, “divide a pie into zero groups,” you have to stop and ask: how do I do that? 

And the answer is: you can’t.

In math, dividing by zero is not just undefined. It collapses the question. It is like asking how many unicorns it takes to make a sandwich.

Math reflects patterns in the world. When you divide 8 by 2, you get 4 because 4 fits into 8 exactly two times. That works because division and multiplication mirror each other. If 8 ÷ 2 = 4, then 4 × 2 = 8. That back-and-forth symmetry is one of the rules that makes arithmetic work. It is part of the meaning of division.

But zero breaks that symmetry. There is no number that multiplies by zero to give you anything other than zero. No number of zeroes ever adds up to one. Or eight. Or anything else.

 

 


I wrote that Critical Thinking FAQ, 

and posted it to TST 3 months ago.

3.

Critical Thinking FAQ.

Was Roger Williams a separatist? The short answer is yes if your definition is the 17th century separatist movement which wanted to separate from the Church of England. “Separatism” in his time primarily referred to religious and church-state separation rather than the broader, sometimes racial or ethnic, connotations it has today.

I think it is fair to say Roger was a Protestant from a young child, he was ordained a Protestant Anglican Minister in 1629 in London, England, and became a separatist by the time he left England for the Massachusetts Bay Colony arriving in February 1631. In 1639 he completely separated from the Protestant religion when he became a seeker. He briefly converted to baptism and founded the first baptist church in America. His role in founding the first Baptist church in America was part of a broader spiritual journey that saw him advocating for religious freedom beyond any single denominatio

 


I wrote that Critical Thinking FAQ, 

and posted it to TST 8 months ago.

The end. Refresh for another set.

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