And why do we care?

The answer is yes, Neanderthals were artistic, and we care because this indicates a level of intelligence comparable to us. That matters because it indicates our direct ancestors back to at least 440,000 years ago likely had about the same intelligence as we do! And that implies much.  

Here’s some background…

Up to about 2018, the answer was a clear “No! They did not posses symbolic thought.” And, up to about 2010, they would add, “And they never bred with humans. They couldn’t.” 

However, despite human bias bleeding into the scientific community, the evidence is clear. It took time, but the tide turned in 2010 when DNA analysis proved Neanderthals interbred with humans. And that was triggering.

The idea that some of us interbred with Neanderthals triggered are biases the other way. Now, Neanderthals had to be pretty smart.

Also, recent archaeological discoveries have dramatically shifted our understanding of Neanderthal capabilities and culture, revealing a side of these ancient humans that showcases their ability for abstract thought and creativity. 

The most compelling evidence to me comes from cave art found in Spain, dated to at least 64,000 years ago—well before our arrival to that area.

Moreover, ornaments such as eagle talons fashioned into jewelry have been found at Neanderthal sites, suggesting a creative and complex self identity.

These findings challenge the outdated stereotype of Neanderthals as brutish and unintelligent.

In 30 Philosophers, I explore how our biases influence our thinking and define who we think we are. For a deeper exploration, take the 8-minute deep dive: “Beyond Human Bias: Reassessing Neanderthal Intelligence.”