What is a closed universe model?
Finite universe (curved)
Astronomy FAQ
CMB.
What process creates elements like carbon and iron?
Stellar nucleosynthesis
Astronomy Quote
We Are Stardust.
What connects humans to the universe physically?
Atoms (chemistry, biology)
Astronomy Story
Sagan, Tyson, et al!.
Is an unconfirmed mathematical framework a proof or a model?
Model
Astronomy FAQ
Copernicus.
What fallacy supports belief because many others hold it?
Bandwagon fallacy (or appeal to popularity)
Astronomy Quote
Copernicus.
What effect explains the redshift in the spectral lines of stars?
Doppler Effect
Astronomy Story
Light Waves.