Is an unconfirmed mathematical framework a proof or a model?
Model
Astronomy FAQ
Copernicus.
What process creates elements like carbon and iron?
Stellar nucleosynthesis
Astronomy Quote
We Are Stardust.
The view that mind or ideas are more fundamental than the material world.
Idealism
Astronomy Story
Galileo.
What is a closed universe model?
Finite universe (curved)
Astronomy FAQ
CMB.
What fallacy supports belief because many others hold it?
Bandwagon fallacy (or appeal to popularity)
Astronomy Quote
Copernicus.
The common name for the time when Earth was nearly or fully covered in ice.
Snowball Earth (starting about 717 million years ago).
Astronomy Story
Evolution.