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Unikonts: Single-Motor flagella Reform

By Michael Alan Prestwood

Sun 22 Feb 2026
Published 4 months ago.
Updated 2 months ago.
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By 1.3 billion years ago, our animal-fungi ancestor, the Unikonts, stopped using two pulling flagella and narrowed it down to one pushing one.

Unikonts: Single-Motor flagella Reform

~1.3 Billion Years Ago (+/- 100 million)
Transition to a Single Flagellum

In a radical departure from the plant lineage, our ancestors—the Unikonts—simplified their propulsion system. They stopped using two “pulling” flagella and narrowed it down to a single motor. This made the cell more streamlined and paved the way for more specialized movement. While some Unikonts (like our cousins the Amoebas) eventually gave up on flagella altogether to “crawl” by oozing their bodies, our direct line stayed committed to the efficiency of the single-propeller design.

— map / TST —

Michael Alan Prestwood
Author & Natural Philosopher
Prestwood writes on science-first philosophy, with particular attention to the convergence of disciplines. Drawing on his TST Framework, his work emphasizes rational inquiry grounded in empirical observation while engaging questions at the edges of established knowledge. With TouchstoneTruth positioned as a living touchstone, this work aims to contribute reliable, evolving analysis in an emerging AI era where the credibility of information is increasingly contested.
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Column Menu
June 2026
»COLUMN ARCHIVE
Column Research….
1. Timeline Story
Secular Spirituality Settles
2. Linked Quote
“Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.”
3. Science FAQ »
What is the difference between a spiritual and empirical belief?
4. Philosophy FAQ »
What is secular spirituality?
5. Critical Thinking FAQ »
How does spirituality relate to public belief?
6. History FAQ!
Is secular spirituality supported in history and science?
Bonus Deep-Dive Article
The Material-Spiritual Framework: A Philosophy of Spirituality

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