30 Phil, Chapter 22: In this new look at Descartes thought experiment, we first take a look at his hyperbolic doubt, and then run his thought experiment a second time using rational doubt transforming his thought experiment from the irrational to the rational.
Wisdom Builder
Three Tidbit Stories
MODE:
Think Well.
3 random tidbit stories in about 3 minutes.
1.
Think Well Story.
That Think Well Story,
was first published on TST 2 years ago.
2.
Think Well Story.
Mold spores are the tiny reproductive particles released by the thread-like fungi we call molds. Unlike chytrids, which likely spread with swimming spores in water, molds seem built for a different world. They grow outward as fine feeding threads, digest food outside their bodies, and then send huge numbers of spores into the air, water, or nearby surfaces. They do not chase food. They spread into it, break it down, and cast their offspring outward like tiny drifting settlers.
The timing here is a bit fuzzy, and that is okay. Early fungi were likely experimenting with different ways of living and reproducing for a long time. So the move from more aquatic, chytrid-like fungi to familiar mold-style fungi was probably not one clean moment. That is why placing mold spores at about 610 million years ago (+/- 30 million) works nicely beside chytrids at about 600 million years ago (+/- 20 million). The overlap tells a more honest evolutionary story. Nature often works in transitions, not neat starting lines.
This was a big step in fungal success. Spores gave molds reach. A fungus no longer had to stay where it began. It could release countless microscopic spores and let wind, water, or plain accident carry them elsewhere. Combined with external digestion, this helped make fungi some of Earth’s great recyclers. They could settle onto dead material, break it down, and return nutrients to the wider environment. Quietly, steadily, molds helped prepare the world beneath larger life.
Not all fungi are molds, and not all fungal spores are mold spores. Yeasts usually live as single cells. Chytrids kept their ancient swimming spores. But molds became one of the fungal kingdom’s great success stories — a multicelled, filamentous way of life built for spreading, feeding, and reproducing with remarkable efficiency. That is why mold spores deserve their own place on the timeline. They do not mark the beginning of fungi, but they do mark the rise of one of fungi’s most successful strategies.
That Think Well Story,
was first published on TST 4 months ago.
3.
Think Well Story.
In 1906, Reginald Fessenden achieved the first analog transmission of sound over radio waves on Christmas Eve. An analog transmission is like a flowing river that continuously changes its speed and depth to carry things along its path. In analog communication, sounds or images are directly transformed into continuous signals that mimic the original. For example, if you shout into a microphone, the resulting signal fluctuates exactly like your voice waves, getting higher and lower with the pitch and volume of your shout.
Before that, Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian inventor, transmitted the first analog radio signals in 1895, using a process where a continuous signal, like a wave, is modified to represent information.
In the 1940s, the first digital transmission occurred. A digital transmission is like sending a message using Morse code, where everything is broken down into a series of beeps (dots and dashes). In digital communication, sounds or images are converted into a series of numbers (0s and 1s). This digital code represents the sound or image but in a format that’s either on or off, much like flipping a switch. This makes digital signals easier to send without loss of quality, even over long distances.
That Think Well Story,
was first published on TST 2 years ago.
The end. Refresh for another set.
Wisdom Builder
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Content and coding by Michael Alan Prestwood.
(c) 2025-2026 TouchstoneTruth.
Content and coding by Michael Alan Prestwood.
