The Triassic–Jurassic extinction cleared ecological space for dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals of the Jurassic.
Triassic–Jurassic Extinction: Volcanoes Open the Age of Dinosaurs Read More »
The Devonian extinction shows that evolution can be reshaped not by one sudden blow, but by a long collapse in ocean health.
Oceans Lose Their Breath Read More »
The Ordovician–Silurian extinction shows how climate change can reshape evolution by collapsing old ecosystems and opening space for new life.
Ordovician–Silurian Extinction: Ice Strikes the Seas Read More »
Snowball Earth was a time when our planet may have frozen nearly from pole to pole, testing life and setting the stage for later biological change.
Snowball Earth: When Ice Reached the Equator Read More »
Before, during, and after the K–Pg extinction: a thriving Late Cretaceous world of dinosaurs, pterosaurs, birds, and flowering plants gives way to the asteroid strike and global collapse that ended the age of non-avian dinosaurs.
The K-Pg Extinction Read More »
The Permian-Triassic extinction was not just the end of many species. It was a planetary reset that destroyed the old synapsid-dominated world and opened the door for the archosaur line that would later give rise to dinosaurs.
The P-T Extinction Read More »
The Cenozoic era starts with the K–Pg extinction 66 million years ago. That event marks the sudden end of the reign of dinosaurs and the rise of mammals and birds.
Cenozoic Era: Age of Mammals & Birds Read More »
The Mesozoic era starts with the end-Permian mass extinction 252 million years ago. Dinosaurs ruled over all, including us. It ends the reign of dinosaurs with the K–Pg extinction 66 million years ago.
Mesozoic Era: Age of Dinosaurs Read More »
The start of the Paleozoic era is marked by burrowing life 538.8 million years ago. The era includes the dominant rise of our ancestors. It ends 252 million years ago with the end-Permian mass extinction, a volcanic cascade global warming event.
Paleozoic Era: The Age of Synapsids Read More »
Black mold is part of the normal fungal world: usually a moisture-driven irritant and allergy problem, sometimes a more serious respiratory issue for sensitive or vulnerable people.
Mold spores helped early fungi spread farther, feed efficiently, and become some of Earth’s great recyclers.
Mold Spores Emerge Read More »
Before animals evolved circulatory and digestive systems, cells first evolved internal flow to move materials around inside themselves.
Intracellular Flow and Nutrient Exchange Read More »
Archaea are a primary branch of early life, and eukaryotes emerged from within this archaeal lineage.
About 425 million years ago, modern fungi morphology emerges. Modern fungi are built on one ancient division.
Fungal Great Split: Ascomycota & Basidiomycota Read More »
About 2 billion years ago, bacteria are added to cells and that group leads to eukaryotes. You are a walking chimera ecosystem made of an Archaea host and trillions of Bacterial power-plants.
Bacterial Endosymbiosis: Origin of Eukaryotes Read More »
At 252 million years ago, the greatest extinction ends the world as known, fungi begin again.
Fungal Survivors of Extinction Read More »
About 450 million years ago, fungi and plants have a rich dirt root alliance. Plants gave sugars, fungi gave phosphorus and minerals.
Fungal Underground Alliance Read More »
About 420 million years ago, fungi stood taller than trees.
Fungal Giants of the Devonian Read More »
LECA is the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor. LECA reproduced sexually pushing the mixing of DNA back before 1.75 billion years ago.
LECA: Likely Sexual Reproduction Read More »
