Weekly Insight for Thinkers
Weekly Insight for Thinkers
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WWB Season 3: Science and Reality

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S3: Science and Reality

36 Hot Topics/9 Quotes: In Season 3, your exploration of wisdom becomes even richer, blending ancient insights with modern revelations. Examine intriguing philosophical paradoxes, cutting-edge scientific theories, and history’s hidden lessons. Uncover insights into cognitive shortcuts, biases, and strategies for clearer thinking. These concise, engaging FAQs encourage you to question assumptions, enhance your decision-making, and grow intellectually. Each brief exploration expands your understanding, helping you live more thoughtfully and authentically amidst the noise of daily life.

Season 3: Jul 28 - Sep 25 2024

9 Episodes

Hot Topics

1. Philosophy

2. Science

3. Critical Thinking

4. History

This book is anchored by empiricism between dogmatic beliefs and pure skepticism.

What is the difference between a true believer, an empiricist, and a true skeptic?

Viewpoint < OVM < Five Thought Tools < TST Framework < Critical Thinking
This evolutionary of communication for hominins is the story of grunts and gesturing to forging words. Starting on the left with Homo erectus using simple gestures and sounds, progressing through various stages of complex vocalizations and tool usage, and culminating on the right with Homo sapiens creating symbolic art.

When did humans first start using language?

Language < Prehistory < History
LLMs and Inference Future AI-TouchstoneTruth

Are LLMs or Inference the Future of AI?

AI emerged from rigid rule-following systems, and evolved into adaptive models. The future will be a hybrind of LLMs, adaptive, and other models.
Random planet with breathable air-TouchstoneTruth

Can humans breathe the air of other planets?

Futurism < Cosmology < Science
Superposition, critical thinking

Is the idea of superposition multiple states irrational?

Idea of Ideas < Five Thought Tools < Critical Thinking
Through his telescope, Galileo glimpsed the true nature of the cosmos—but the foundation had already been laid. Beside him, Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium whispers the revolutionary idea that set the stage: the Earth is not the center of it all.

Why was Galileo’s 1610 book so important?

In 1610, Galileo Galilei used observation to challenge belief, showing that reality, not tradition, must guide understanding. His telescope turned the heavens from imagined perfection ...
Imagined image: futuristic cityscape with self-driving electric vehicle (EV) taxis.

What is the MaaS tipping point?

Futurism < Philosophy
The answer to the evolutionary chicken or egg question shows how the first true chicken was hatched from an egg laid by a bird that was not quite a chicken, highlighting the egg's precedence in this ancient process.

Which came first, the chicken or the egg?

The egg. Long before chickens existed, eggs were a successful evolutionary strategy.
The common ancestor to horses, donkeys, and zebras was Eohippus. It lived 50 million years ago.

If evolution is true, why haven’t humans evolved in 50,000 years?

Humans have evolved in the last 50,000 years, just not into a new “species."
United States Founding Fathers-Oligarchy-TouchstoneTruth

Was the USA founded as an oligarchy?

Colonial America < Post Medieval < History
A predator AI is not one that simply becomes self-aware—it’s an AI that evolves dangerous traits like deceit, manipulation, or domination. Limiting its ability to self-replicate and grow in harmful ways is crucial to keeping the digital jungle safe.

Can AI evolve to destroy humanity?

Let's steer AI development toward the animal kingdom, and toward the donkey model, limited and safe. Let's avoid the tiger model.
Imagined image of an encounter between a Homo heidelbergensis and a Neanderthal around 300,000 years ago.

When did ancient humans develop symbolic thought?

Neanderthals in Spain were leaving unmistakably symbolic marks on cave walls at least 70,000 years ago.
While caves provided useful temporary shelter and preserved artifacts exceptionally well, early humans primarily lived in constructed huts like those pictured here. These homes, made from wood, animal hides, and plants, were the mainstay of daily life around 30,000 years ago.

Did most humans live in caves 30,000 years ago?

Cognitive Biases < Four Mind Traps < TST Framework < Critical Thinking
Three Types of Written Language-TouchstoneTruth

How did writing first evolve?

Writing < Prehistory < History
The singularity is more philosophical. While the universe's expansion is scientific, the singularity itself remains speculative and unproven.

Is the Big Bang singularity scientific or philosophical?

Metaphysics < Philosophy
Gravity as a fabric of space-time, with a massive object warping the fabric and distant galaxies and stars in the background. The abstract lines and waves illustrate the gravitational field extending infinitely.

Does gravity travel, or does it exist everywhere all at once?

When thinking about the speed of light, remember that gravity never waits. Light can be delayed by matter, but gravity propagates freely through spacetime.
Anecdotal evidence can offer insights, but it must be treated cautiously. It's a starting point for inquiry, not conclusive proof, and should always be supplemented by more rigorous data.

Is anecdotal evidence ever useful to prove something?

Idea Evaluation < Five Thought Tools < TST Framework < Critical Thinking
No images of King Shuruppak exist. The best we can do is reimagine known aspects of Sumerian culture. This is a ziggurat typical of the time: one per each of the 30+ cities.

Was King Shuruppak the father of Noah?

Ancient History < History
Free Will: two general types. Determinism says everything that happens is set in stone and can't be changed; in contrast, indeterminism says people and animals make choices.

How do we experience Free Will in daily life?

Free will is experienced as a shifting tension between choice and constraint.
blood, cells, red

When did blood evolve in life on Earth?

Evolution < Science
Arguing that a person's condition or habits invalidates their argument is known as a red herring fallacy. The goal is to distracts from the argument rather than evaluate it. If a personal trainer tells you to eat twinkies all day, that's still bad advice.

Can a fat, out of shape person give valid nutritional advice?

Good advice doesn’t become wrong because the person giving it fails to follow it. Truth stands or falls on evidence, not appearances.
Laozi or Lou Tzu (604-517 BCE). Founder of Daoism, aka Taoism. The life of Laozi is shrouded in mystery, but he is the first philosopher in “30 Philosophers” that attempts to construct a precise biography.

Did Confucius ever meet the Daoist Laozi?

Although we have records of their meeting going back to 100 BCE, this is a much debated story in academic circles.
The Buddha’s concept of essence contrasts with the idea of reincarnation, which implies that the soul or self is reborn in a new body. The Buddha adopted the concept of rebirth in this context.

Did the Buddha believe in rebirth or reincarnation?

The Buddha rejected reincarnation as the rebirth of an eternal soul and instead taught rebirth as a causal continuity driven by karma.
Imagined image depicting two Homo heidelbergensis individuals at different stages of their evolutionary timeline. The first individual represents what they might have looked like around 650,000 years ago, and the second shows them around 440,000 years ago, just before the transition towards Homo sapiens and Neanderthals.

Did Homo heidelbergensis speak?

Language < Ancient Humans < Evolution < Science
The key to overcoming confirmation bias isn’t just acknowledging that it exists, but actively working to confront it. Beliefs are shaped by the information we choose to allow into our minds and you have a process for that now. Audit that process on a continuous basis.

Why do people believe wrong things?

Cognitive Biases < Four Mind Traps < TST Framework < Critical Thinking
Mount Meru and the six realms were central to ancient Indian culture and remain highly regarded today, often understood more metaphorically by many. These concepts have long served as spiritual guides, helping followers navigate moral and existential questions.

What are the six realms of karma?

India < Ancient History < History
If you're using Windows, rely on cloud services like OneDrive to keep your files backed up. Make good use of features like Quick Access and Favorites to streamline your workflow, and start forgetting about manually managing your C drive.

Will AI help with file management, organizing files, and backup?

Technology < Futurism < Philosophy
Knowledge Frameworks

How do knowledge frameworks help transform information into wisdom?

Knowledge frameworks turn raw information into wisdom by organizing ideas into sets of schemas.
LUCA's form is unknown. Imagined image of various LUCA shapes.

What does LUCA tell us about our origins?

Evolution < Science
Appeal to Fear-TouchstoneTruth

Why are invalid fear-based arguments so effective?

Logical Fallacies < Four Mind Traps < TST Framework < Critical Thinking
vertical-Plato and Aristotle-350bce-TouchstoneTruth

Were Plato and Aristotle friends?

Ancient history was long ago, much is cloudy, but yes, they were very close. Aristotle spent 20 years as a student-teacher under Plato, leaving only ...
Sartre's existentialism emphasizes individual freedom, choice, and responsibility. It posits that existence precedes essence, meaning that individuals are not defined by any preexisting essence but instead create their own essence through actions and decisions. Sartre's philosophy focuses on the concept of "bad faith," where people deny their freedom by conforming to societal expectations, and encourages living authentically by embracing one's freedom and making deliberate, conscious choices.

How does science play in philosophy?

Science grounds philosophy in reality.
In 1977, NASA's Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft began their pioneering journey across the Solar System to visit the giant outer planets. Now, the Voyagers are hurtling through unexplored territory on their road trip beyond our Solar System. Along the way, they are measuring the interstellar medium, the mysterious environment between stars that is filled with the debris from long-dead stars. The NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope is providing the roadmap, by measuring the material along the probes' trajectories as they move through space. Hubble finds a rich, complex interstellar ecology, containing multiple clouds of hydrogen, laced with other elements. Hubble data, combined with the Voyagers, have also provided new insights into how our sun travels through interstellar space.

How far away is Voyager 1?

Cosmology < Science
Inductive reasoning finds patterns to predict future outcomes, while abductive reasoning makes the best guess based on available evidence. The Earth clearly revolves around the Sun, but hooves outside might be horses or zebras.

How do I know what is true and what is just an opinion?

Evidence. Inductive reasoning is evidence based; abductive reasoning is a best guess from limited evidence.
Heraclitus

Does the philosophy of Heraclitus resonate with Eastern philosophy?

Heraclitus strongly resonates with Eastern thought, especially Daoist balance and Buddhist impermanence.
Concept-Ontology-TouchstoneTruth

What is Ontology and why is it important?

What exists and what it means to be.

Quotes

Portrait of Socrates. Marble, Roman artwork (1st century), perhaps a copy of a lost bronze statue made by Lysippos

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Socrates taught skepticism and critical thinking. He taught that a life with the seek truth tenant is required no matter what culture and time you ...
"Charles Darwin: Scientific Badass" by CGP Grey is licensed under CC BY 2.0

“Natural selection acts solely by the preservation and accumulation of small inherited modifications, each profitable to the preserved being.”

Survival belongs to organisms that respond effectively to change as environments shift over time.
Carl Sagan-atoms to galaxies

“We are all connected to each other biologically, to the Earth chemically, and to the rest of the universe atomically.”

Cosmology < Science
There are no surviving images of 
Bernard of Chartres. As a scholastic, the best we can do is an artistic representation of scholasticism.

“We are dwarfs on the shoulders of giants.”

Transcendental intelligence is the capacity to transmit ideas beyond individual minds and lifespans, allowing knowledge itself to accumulate across generations.
No images of King Shuruppak exist. The best we can do is reimagine known aspects of Sumerian culture. This is a ziggurat typical of the time: one per each of the 30+ cities.

“Do not speak arrogantly or do hateful things.”

One of humanity’s oldest moral instructions warns against arrogance and hatred, showing that ethical wisdom has roots running deep into prehistory.
Roman marble copy of a 3rd-century BCE Greek original, likely created before 1st century CE.

“Empty is the argument of the philosopher which does not relieve any human suffering.”

When Epicurus thought about epistemology within philosophy, he gravitated toward applied philosophy.
Portrait of Aristoteles. Copy of the Imperial era (1st or 2nd century) of a lost bronze sculpture made by Lysippos

“The whole is more than the sum of its parts.”

From living organisms to societies, complex systems gain new properties through interaction and organization.
"Desmond tutu 20070607 2" by Elke Wetzig (Elya) is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

“A person is a person through other persons; you can’t be human in isolation; you are human only in relationships.”

Ubuntu is an ethical applied philosophy stressing the need for relationships.
View at the stone statue of Laozi at the foot of Mount Qingyuan in China

“Follow the path of least resistance and live in harmony with the Dao.”

Metaphysics < Philosophy
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