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Mike's Takeaway:

Bernard of Chartres, a 12th-century French philosopher, coined the phrase “We are dwarfs on the shoulders of giants.” Recorded by John of Salisbury in 1159, it emphasizes the importance of building upon the discoveries and knowledge of those who came before us, allowing us to see further and achieve greater understanding.

This adage encapsulates the essence of human progress achieved through transcendental intelligence (TI). TI is our more advanced cultural transmission abilities to describe, record, and share ideas through language and writing. It allows for the accumulation of wisdom, innovation, and progress that transcends the mind. This unique form of human cultural transmission enables us to build upon the knowledge and discoveries of previous generations.

Unlike animals bound to instinctual learning, humans possess transcendental intelligence which allows us to stand on the intellectual shoulders of our predecessors. Through recorded ideas, we transcend the limitations of individual lifespans. This intellectual heritage is the cornerstone of civilization, enabling us to solve complex problems and explore the universe’s mysteries.

Analysis By Michael Alan Prestwood
01 Jan 2026
Published 2 years ago.
Updated 7 months ago.
Michael Alan Prestwood
Author & Natural Philosopher
Prestwood writes on science-first philosophy, with particular attention to the convergence of disciplines. Drawing on his TST Framework, his work emphasizes rational inquiry grounded in empirical observation while engaging questions at the edges of established knowledge. With TouchstoneTruth positioned as a living touchstone, this work aims to contribute reliable, evolving analysis in an emerging AI era where the credibility of information is increasingly contested.
The Prestwood Column
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August 2026
»COLUMN ARCHIVE
--COLUMN--
Column Research….
1. Timeline Story
Ethical Roadmap
2. Linked Quote
“The greatest weapon against stress is our ability to choose one thought over another.”
3. Science FAQ »
Did morality evolve?
4. Philosophy FAQ »
Is the Me Too movement consistent with TST Ethics?
5. Critical Thinking FAQ »
When should you stop following the crowd?
6. History FAQ!
What did the Nuremberg Trials clarify about moral agents?
Bonus Deep-Dive Article
TST Ethical Roadmap: A Process Model for Ethical Guidance and Moral Choice

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