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By Philosopher Michael Alan Prestwood

QUOTE

“We are dwarfs on the shoulders of giants.”
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Mike's Takeaway:

Bernard of Chartres, a 12th-century French philosopher, coined the phrase “We are dwarfs on the shoulders of giants.” Recorded by John of Salisbury in 1159, it emphasizes the importance of building upon the discoveries and knowledge of those who came before us, allowing us to see further and achieve greater understanding.

This adage encapsulates the essence of human progress achieved through transcendental intelligence (TI). TI is our more advanced cultural transmission abilities to describe, record, and share ideas through language and writing. It allows for the accumulation of wisdom, innovation, and progress that transcends the mind. This unique form of human cultural transmission enables us to build upon the knowledge and discoveries of previous generations.

Unlike animals bound to instinctual learning, humans possess transcendental intelligence which allows us to stand on the intellectual shoulders of our predecessors. Through recorded ideas, we transcend the limitations of individual lifespans. This intellectual heritage is the cornerstone of civilization, enabling us to solve complex problems and explore the universe’s mysteries.

Analysis By Michael Alan Prestwood
10 Oct 2026
Published 2 years ago.
Updated 1 week ago.
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There are no surviving images of Bernard of Chartres. As a scholastic, the best we can do is an artistic representation of scholasticism.
Michael Alan Prestwood
Natural Philosopher & Author
Prestwood explores science-first philosophy, with particular attention to the convergence of disciplines. Drawing on his TST Philosophy, his work emphasizes rational inquiry grounded in empirical observation while engaging questions at the edges of established knowledge. With TouchstoneTruth positioned as a living touchstone, this work aims to contribute reliable, evolving analysis in an emerging AI era where the credibility of information is increasingly contested.
The Prestwood Column
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October 2026
Column Research….
1. Timeline Story
The Great Quaker Debates!
2. Linked Quote
“All men are prone to differ. It is no new thing in all former ages, in all parts. Each party is most right in his own eyes.”
3. Science FAQ »
Do facts actually change minds?
4. Philosophy FAQ »
When does persuasion become manipulation?
5. Critical Thinking FAQ »
How can you tell when a debate has stopped being productive?
6. History FAQ!
What is the history of debate?
Bonus Deep-Dive Article
Roger Williams Biography and Dedication to the Freedom of Conscience

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