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WWB Season 6: Cognition and Ideas

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S6: Cognition and Ideas

36 Hot Topics/9 Quotes:

In Season 6, we dive into the fascinating intricacies of human cognition and ideas. Explore how our minds operate, the subtle ways biases and cognitive shortcuts shape our thoughts, and why we perceive and interpret reality the way we do. You’ll gain powerful insights into the quirks of human psychology and the importance of sharpening critical thinking skills to navigate an increasingly complex world.

Then, journey deeper into profound philosophical and historical insights, from the enduring mysteries posed by the Fermi Paradox and consciousness, to the transformative wisdom offered by foundational thinkers like Nietzsche and Socrates. Each one-minute lesson is crafted to enhance your understanding, inspire reflection, and reveal how past and present ideas shape our view of reality.

Hot Topics

History

Critical Thinking

Science

Philosophy

Nihilism is a tool to examine and potentially overcome the problem of illusion in reality.

What is Ninio’s Extinction Illusion?

Jacques Ninio’s Extinction Illusion reveals how perception can erase what is plainly present.
Dichotomy of Pleasure: Epicurus advises prioritizing long-term katastematic pleasures over short-term kinetic ones for a more fulfilling life.

Which tradition puts friendship above all else?

Epicureanism places friendship at the very center of a meaningful life.
Ziran Authenticity or Authentic Self-TouchstoneTruth

Did existential authenticity originate in the East?

Long before Kierkegaard and Nietzsche, Eastern traditions asked how to live honestly within suffering, impermanence, and uncertainty: Buddhism’s suffering and non-self, Daoist alignment with nature.
prisoner4

Is the prisoner choosing bread over a key to freedom a critical thinking error?

Choosing bread isn't moral failure; it’s a classic example of "present bias," where immediate needs, present desires, overpower long-term thinking.
Earth’s faint signals barely reach our galactic neighborhood, while the universe stretches infinitely beyond. The Fermi Paradox isn’t about alien silence—it’s a humbling reminder of the vastness of space and our early steps in the cosmic conversation.

Is the Fermi Paradox still relevant?

It is a useful abductive reasoning model but challenges us to confront the limits of our technology, imagination, and perspective.
Two sides of human bias: On the left, confirmation bias narrows our focus to evidence that fits our narrative. On the right, anthropomorphism projects our human traits onto the non-human, distorting our understanding of the universe.

Is science tainted by bias?

Science is touched by human bias, but its strength lies in being a self-correcting process.
Play on Earth evolved as one of the group survival traits. Lower play abilities evolved in mammals like rodents about 190 million years ago. Higer play abilities evolved in mammals like cats about 80 million years ago.

Do aliens enjoy playing like we do on Earth?

If life elsewhere follows patterns like those on Earth, play may emerge wherever intelligence and social complexity arise.
The human struggle, the absurdity of existence, and the search for meaning.

What is the history of existentialism?

Existentialism was born in post medieval Europe, but it's focus on the self and your own thoughts echos Daoism and Buddhism in the East and ...
Socrates, born in 469 BCE, is the first Socratic philosopher. His student Plato was born circa 428 BCE, and Plato's student Aristotle was born in 384 BCE.

Who were the first Socratic philosophers?

The direct students of Socrates is the narrow definition: Plato, Xenophon, etc.
Our search for alien life isn’t just a journey through space—it’s a challenge to overcome cognitive biases like anthropocentrism and confirmation bias. Critical thinking helps us see beyond our own assumptions and embrace the true vastness of possibility.

Does the Fermi paradox lack good thinking?

Good thinking isn’t just about asking big questions like the Fermi Paradox—it’s about recognizing the biases that shape our answers and staying open to possibilities ...
Anadoluvius turkae is dated to approximately 8.7 million years ago, placing it firmly in the late Miocene epoch, a period when the Earth’s climate was shifting, leading to more open habitats.

Is the 8.7-million-year-old Anadoluvius a human ancestor?

Anadoluvius turkae is a reminder of just how messy evolution is. The discovery highlights the diversity of great apes during the Miocene and how different ...
Freedom or survival? The bread or the key? This isn’t just philosophy. It’s the choices we make every day.

Why did the prisoner choose the bread over the key?

Many philosophies teach the insights into the choices we face as a balance between immediate needs and broader aspirations.
In ancient Greece, as sophia and sophist became associated with rhetorical trickery, the terms philosophy and philosopher emerged to reclaim the pursuit of wisdom and truth.

Did Pythagoras coin the word philosophy?

No, Pythagoras was a sophist. He did not know the word philosophy. The word philosophy was coined later by Plato, Aristotle, and others.
glass of beer, sausages and bread on the table

When and where was beer invented?

The earliest evidence of spirits is from China, around 7,000 BCE. The earliest traces of beer is 5000 BCE in Iran.
The race to Mars is ambitious, but it’s not a shortcut to saving humanity. Real innovation and the next steps beyond Earth clearly lie with a network of space stations—something NASA is quietly pursuing. If we can’t sustain life in isolated space stations, how can we hope to thrive on a barren, hostile planet?

Does Musk’s Mars vision highlight poor reasoning?

Ambition isn’t the problem — confusing futuristic spectacle with practical priority is.
Play evolved as one of the group survival traits. Lower play abilities evolved in mammals like rodents about 190 million years ago. Higer play abilities evolved in mammals like cats about 80 million years ago.

When did play evolve in mammals?

Play evolved many times in evolution as a survival tool. Mammalian-like play emerged about 190 million years ago.
Science seeks to understand the universe, while philosophy contemplates its meaning. Whether a creator exists or not, our pursuit of knowledge continues—driven by curiosity, evidence, and the desire to uncover the truth.

Is the question of a creator important?

The question of a creator is currently an unknown, and likely an unknowable. Belief in a creator is a personal matter, not a scientific one.
Mining equipment in a brown coal open pit mine near Garzweiler, Germany. Aerial View

What does the Crinum coal mine teach us about dating methods?

Radiometric dating such as Carbon-14 and Potassium-Argon is scientifically sound, but it's true that scientists need to carefully rule out contaminants.
Biologically, wolves and dogs are the same species: Canis lupus. Dogs and wolves can interbreed and produce viable offspring under natural conditions. Dogs are considered a subspecies, a branch of wolf shaped by humanity.

Are dogs and wolves the same species?

Yes. Dogs and wolves are the same species biologically, with dogs classified as a domesticated subspecies of the gray wolf.
The concept of being born a human and the evolving essence or identity to the final outcome for all: shadows of a memory.

What does existence before essence mean?

Existence before essence means you arrive without a script, and your identity emerges through a life in motion: shaped by change, choice, and time.
Humes Fork-1-TouchstoneTruth

Who is famous for questioning cause and effect?

Karma and cause and effect explore causation versus correlation.
In philosophy and critical thinking, we question whether cause and effect are certain—but in spiritual traditions like Hinduism and Buddhism, karma suggests a deeper, unseen connection. Do our actions truly shape our destiny, or are we just following patterns we assume to be true?

Is cause and effect certain?

With the motion of life, cause and effect feel certain. We see stable patterns. But Hume challenged this confidence, reminding us that correlation does not ...
Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE), ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of Pythagoreanism, known for his contributions to mathematics, mysticism, and harmonic theory.

Was Pythagoras’ thinking flawed?

Yes and no. Pythagoras combined enduring empirical insights with personal beliefs that often overpowered sound reasoning.
If science is right, the Earth will last another 5 billion years and the universe will expand for trillions of years.

Will the night sky have stars nearly forever?

Our constellations feel permanent, yet aren't. The stars themselves, bound together in our galactic neighborhood, will light our night sky for nearly forever.
Robot and man at home

When will AI be smarter than humans?

AI may surpass humans in specific abilities soon, but “being smarter than humans” depends entirely on how we define intelligence.
A natural philosopher is a philosopher that puts science, logic, and common sense first.

What is a natural philosopher?

TST Philosophy < Philosophy
mansa-musa-TouchstoneTruth

Was the richest person in history an African just before colonial slavery?

Mansa Musa of the Mali Empire is widely regarded as the richest individual in history, illustrating Africa’s deep economic and political sophistication.
Abductive Reasoning-Heuristic-Occams Razor-TouchstoneTruth

Is Occam’s Razor always right?

In the realm of idea evaluation, Occam’s Razor is a tool that stands out, but it was never meant as a law of truth. It's ...
Artist's Concept of Voyager

Why hasn’t Voyager been damaged by space dust?

Space feels dangerous, but its extreme emptiness makes collisions incredibly rare.
Robot and human hands pointing to each other.

Will AI systems attain consciousness?

AI systems already have a functional form of consciousness, and that level will evolve to mimic animal-like consciousness and likely something akin to human-like.
Pythagoras (c. 570–495 BCE), ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician, founder of Pythagoreanism, known for his contributions to mathematics, mysticism, and harmonic theory.

Who is the father of numerology?

In the ancient world, numbers were not just tools but truths. For thinkers like Pythagoras, mathematics, nature, and meaning formed a single worldview.
Cognitive Bias-Rosy Retrospection-TouchstoneTruth

Why we only remember the good parts of vacations and forget the bad?

Rosy Retrospection, a cognitive bias that filters memory through emotion, preserving highlights. Minds quietly edit experience, shaping memory.
galileo-einstein-relativity-TouchstoneTruth

Trivia: Did Einstein or Galileo discover the Relativity Principle?

In shaping modern cosmology, Galileo articulated the relativity principle in 1632, Newton made gravity universal in 1687, and Einstein revealed gravity as the curvature of ...
Imagined Image: Early stages of terraforming Mars.

What is a realistic timeframe for humanity to terraform Mars?

Terraforming Mars is a multi-century process that will require new ways to use AI, robots, and genetically-altered life.
Separatist

Was Roger Williams a Separatist?

Roger Williams was a colonial separatist. He advocated for separating from the Church of England.
Parable of the Ship-TouchstoneTruth

What is the “Parable of the Ship?”

The Williams parable is about government. A response to the colonies in New England inacted the same restrictions they escaped.

Quotes

“The art of living well and the art of dying well are one.”

“The art of living well and the art of dying well are one.”

Ethics < Philosophy
Roman marble copy of a 3rd-century BCE Greek original, likely created before 1st century CE.

“I was not; I was; I am not; I do not mind.”

Ethics < Philosophy
Imagined Image: Philo of Alexandria reinterpreting the story of Noah through allegorical interpretation. It captures the essence of his scholarly reinterpretation with symbolic elements.

“…allegories…lay hold of the hidden sense which is concealed beneath the words”

Journalism < Philosophy
Stoicism focuses on the Dichotomy of Control within the "good intent-good results" framework. The good intent, such as a thoughtful actions, lead to virtue and moral. There are elements beyond one's control, like stormy weather, rolling dice, and a cosmic landscape. The central and only focus is on things that can control.

Is the serenity prayer stoic? “Grant me the serenity…”

Ethics < Philosophy
Marcus Aurelius reminds us that our inner life, shaped by thoughts, defines our character.

“For the soul is dyed the color of its thoughts.”

Stoicism < Philosophy
The dichotomy of ignorance and true knowledge is an important part of a happy life.

“Where ignorance is bliss, ’tis folly to be wise.”

Ethics < Philosophy
Socrates was born in 469 BCE and was executed in 399 BCE. He lived to age 72. His student Plato was born circa 428 BCE and passed at age 80 around 347 BCE. Both lived in Athens, Greece.

“I know that I am wise, because I know that I know nothing.”

Epistemology < Philosophy
Imagined Image: Marcus Aurelius reflecting on the idea that emotions are rooted in one's worldview and judgments, emphasizing the Stoic understanding of emotions and their connection to external and internal factors.

“People are disturbed not by the things that happen, but by their opinions about the things that happen.”

Ethics < Philosophy
Worldview Path-TouchstoneTruth

“I have a worldview. So do you.”

We all see the world through a personal lens shaped by experience. Once you recognize your worldview, you can finally examine it, refine it, and ...
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