The earliest known philosophy to truly center friendship in its teachings was Epicureanism. Epicurus taught that friendship is essential for a happy life, bringing emotional support, intellectual stimulation, and practical assistance. He urged us to express gratitude for our friends, share our time generously, and treasure their companionship. For Epicurus, friendship wasn’t just a part of life—it was the key to lasting happiness.

Epicurus, born in 341 BCE, lived about six decades after the trial and execution of Socrates. Epicureanism as a whole focuses on finding joy in the journey of life. Central to this philosophy is the dichotomy of pleasure: the idea that we should prioritize long-term contentment over fleeting indulgences. For example, Epicurus advises savoring the satisfaction of feeling full over the fleeting sweetness of dessert, and valuing the depth of a committed relationship over the risks of an affair. Through introspection and moral virtue, Epicureanism fosters a tranquil, meaningful existence.

Epicurus is one of my favorite philosophers. He’s the chapter 11 anchor in my book, 30 Philosophers, where I explore how his teachings can guide us toward a fulfilling life.