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Ancient History

4000 BCE to 500 CE
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ANCIENT HISTORY
Featured Story
History
Story
3100 BCE
Oldest Known Dice: Skara Brae
By 5,100 Years Ago
Game History
Ancient games leave behind more than entertainment—they reveal how humans think about chance, fairness, and shared rules. The appearance of dice in multiple regions 5,000 years ago suggests that once societies reach a certain cognitive and social threshold, ideas spread quickly.
Featured QUOTE
History
Quote
“The unexamined life is not worth living.”
Socratic Method
Said at his trial in 399 BCE.
Socrates taught that self-reflection brought knowledge, which in turn brought meaning. I think he wanted you to uncover the truth, no matter what it is, reconcile it with your beliefs, and make sense of it in a way that is consistent with common knowledge.
Featured FAQ
History
FAQ
What is the history of Confucianism?
Confucian History
Confucianism was never about abstract belief or the afterlife. It focused on how people should live together—through proper conduct, relationships, and virtue. Its endurance comes from practicality: ideas designed to stabilize society tend to survive, even as they adapt.
Ancient History
The Age of Early Civilizations.
4000 BCE to 500 CE

Ancient History begins with the rise of writing systems and overlaps with humanity’s major creation traditions—Christian, Judaic, Zoroastrian, Mayan, and others. The hard start at 4000 BCE provides a neutral anchor near the center of those narratives. It concludes at 500 CE, flattening the traditional European-centric framing and marking the end of world ancient history rather than merely the start of a European “Dark Age.”

Deep-Dive Articles
American CentricBook-30 PhilosophersEthics

No Kings Has Deep Historical Roots

Recent protests reflect the timeless struggle to limit power and oppression using checks and balances.
Epistemology

Pragmatism and Pythagoras

Pythagoras exemplifies rational pragmatism, balancing empirical insights with mystical beliefs. He reminds us that even flawed ideas can spark progress.
H2-Ancient History

Confucius and the Analects: His Teachings, No Doubt

Ethics < Philosophy
Must-Reads
Epistemology

Pragmatism and Pythagoras

Pythagoras exemplifies rational pragmatism, balancing empirical insights with mystical beliefs. He reminds us that even flawed ideas can spark progress.
Mountaintop experience
H2-Ancient History

Echoes of the Self: Exploring Consciousness Across the Ages

Consciousness is the capacity for awareness; animals add subjective experience, and humans add self-reflection and inquiry.
Giraffe in the bush of Kruger National Park, South Africa. Licensed via Envato Elements.
H2-Ancient History

Africa Before the Transatlantic Slave Trade

From the richest man ever back to the time they ruled Egypt.
New Ideas

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Updated Articles
American Centric | Book-30 Philosophers | Ethics | H2-Ancient History | H3-Medieval | Roger Williams
No Kings Has Deep Historical Roots
Checks & Balances
Recent protests reflect the timeless struggle to limit power and oppression using checks and balances.
Sat 11 Oct 2025
(4 months ago)
Updated 1 month ago.
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