Timeline

TST Horizontal Timeline (All Topics)

By Michael Alan Prestwood

All timeline entries.

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1-Prehistory Age
2-Cognitive Age
3-Symbolic Age
4-Cultural Age
5-Fire Age
Africa/Middle East
Americas
Amphibians
Ancient History
Ancient Humans
Area
Art
Asia
Bacteria
Big Bang Big Picture
Big Bang Predictions
Big Picture 30
Big Picture Philosophy
Cephlapods
ch01
ch02
ch03
ch04
ch05
ch06
ch07
ch08
ch09
ch10
ch11
ch12
ch13
ch14
ch15
ch16
ch17
ch18
ch19
ch20
ch21
ch22
ch23
ch24
ch25
ch26
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ch28
ch29
ch30
ch31
City
Classical Physics
Consciousness Evolves
Dinosaurs & Birds
Docs in Book
Document
Earth
Empirical
Europe/Mediterranean
Fish
Fungi
Futurism
Great Apes
History
Hominid (Not Us)
Hominin: Not Us
Homo sapiens
Human Ancestors
Insects
Irrational
Journalism
Land: Africa and Middle East
Land: Asia
Land: Europe and Mediterranean
Land: Oceana, Australasia, and the Polar Regions
Math
Medieval
Music
Oceana
Our Solar System
Our Time
Paper
Particle Physics
People in Book
Personal
Philosophers
Political Theory
Pre-LUCA Evolution
Prehistory
Relativitiy
Reptiles
Roger Williams
Science
Synapsids & Mammals
Touchstones
Unified

13.8 Billion Years Ago

Highly speculative.

Singularity

natdrj, CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

13.8 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Big Bang Expansion

13.8 Billion Years Ago: First Millisecond

Highly Speculative. An irrational idea rationally deduced.

Planck Era

Electrostatic plasma sphere in the dark. Tesla coil - physics experiment

How predetermined are our choices?

Free Will

13.8 Billion Years Ago: First Millisecond

Mostly speculative. Still an irrational idea rationally deduced.

Grand Unification Era

Science physics formula e=mc2, Theory of relativity composed with colored and carved stones

Our true origin story.

Evolution

13.8 Billion Years Ago: First Millisecond

A bit speculative. Still an irrational idea rationally deduced but with some empirical data.

Inflationary Epoch

Person shining a light at the sky and making the stars rapidly move in circles - fantasy concept

What separates humans from animals.

Cultural Transmission

13.8 Billion Years Ago: First Millisecond

A bit speculative. Still an irrational idea rationally deduced but with some empirical data.

Electroweak Era

big bang, black hole, supermassive star, galaxy, cosmos, physical, science fiction wallpaper.

13.8 Billion Years Ago: First Hour

A bit speculative. Still an irrational idea rationally deduced but with some empirical data.

Nucleosynthesis Period

Closeup shot of a colorful plasma ball on a black background

13.7 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

First Atoms

Molecules or atom isolated on blue background

13.6 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Population III Stars: Heavier Elements

NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva/Spaceengine, CC BY 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

13.59 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Population II Stars: Heavy Element Synthesis

Cosmos Stars Cluster Structure Stunning Astrophotography Dramatic Celestial Wallpaper. Bright blue n

13.4 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Galaxies are Born

About 13.39 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Birth of the Milky Way

10 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Population I Stars: Like our Sun

10 Billion Years Ago

Verified: 10 to 7 Billion Years Ago

Interstellar Clouds: Organic Molecules

debris of a stellar explosion, 3d illustration

4.6 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Birth of the Sun

Epic sun surface flare prominence solar system

4.5 Billion Years Ago

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Earth is Born

Solar system planets set. The Sun and planets in a row on univer

4.48 Billion Years Ago

4.49 to 4.6 Billion Years Ago

First Atmosphere: Hydrogen & Helium

4.45 Billion Years Ago

Spedulative guess: 4.2 to 4.4 Billion Years Ago

Inorganic Precursors to Organic Molecules

4.44 Billion Years Ago

About 60 million years after Earth forms.

Moon Formation

4.3 Billion Years Ago

4.5 to 4 Billion Years Ago

Second Atmosphere: Carbon Dioxide & Nitrogen

4.2 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

Self-replication emerges

First Life: Self-Replicating Molecules

a group of orange and red objects floating in the air

4.2 Billion Years Ago

4 to 4.4 Billion Years Ago

First Oceans: Fresh Water

4.1 Billion Years Ago (+/- 200 milion)

Self-sustaining chemical reactions

Metabolic Pathways

4.1 Billion Years Ago

Spedulative guess: 4 to 4.4 Billion Years Ago

Chemical Evolution of Organic Molecules

3d illustration. Model of serotonin molecule, Hormone of Happiness

4 Billion Years Ago

Spedulative guess: 3.9 to 4.1 Billion Years Ago

Formation of Prebiotic Microenvironments

3.9 Billion Years Ago

Spedulative guess: 3.8 to 4.1 Billion Years Ago

Cellular Membranes

3.9 Billion years ago (+/- 100 million)

The engine gets wrapped in a bubble.

Assembly of Protocells

3.85 Billion Years Ago (before LUCA)

Leading Hypothesis: Molecules drifted; Chemistry binds.

RNA World

3.8 Billion Yeas Ago

From 4.6 to 3.8 bya.

Late Heavy Bombardment

3.75 Billion years ago (+/- 100 million)

DNA, Ribosomes, and ATP

LUCA: Last Universal Common Ancestor

3.73 Billion Years Ago (after LUCA)

Membrane and metabolic diversity.

Prokaryotic Life

3.73 Billion Years Ago (shortly after LUCA)

Ether-linked membranes and distinct genetic machinery

Archaea Diverge

~3.72 Billion Years Ago (after prokaryotes)

Mechanical sensitivity to pressure and membrane stretch

Touch: Life Learns to Feel Force

~3.7 Billion years ago (shortly after LUCA)

Peptidoglycan cell wall and Ester-linked lipids

First True Bacteria

~3.7 Billion Years Ago (+/- 100 million)

Virus: Riboviria (Early RNA replicators)

3.5 Billion Years Ago

3.5 to 2.5 Billion Years Ago

Second Oceans: From Fresh to Salty

3.42 Billion BCE

3.42 to 3.7 Billion BCE

Oldest Known Fossil-Microorganisms

~3.2 Billion Years Ago (+/- 200 million)

The HK97-Fold (Steel Pouch)

Bacteriophage → Duplodnaviria

~3 Billion years ago

Photosynthetic experiments

Bacteria Photosynthesis begins

~2.75 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

double jelly-roll capsid DNA viruses

Virus: Varidnaviria

2.7 Billion Years Ago

2.7 to 2.6 BYA

Cyanobacteria: Sun Energy as Food!

top view of woman holding paper cut sun and planet with renewable energy sources on turquoise

~2.5 Billion years ago (+/- 100 million)

Photosynthetic Specialization Emerges

Bacteria cyanobacteria & oxygenic photosynthesis

2.4 Billion Years Ago (+/- 300 million years)

The First True Eukaryotes

2.4 Billion Years Ago

2.4 BYA to about 540 MYA

Third Atmosphere: Oxygen Atmosphere

~2.4 Billion years ago (+/- 100 million)

Bacteria are added to eukaryote ancestor cells

Bacterial Endosymbiosis: Origin of Eukaryotes

~2.2 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

Oxygen-respiring bacteria diversify

Bacteria Aerobic metabolism expands

2 Billion Years Ago (+/- 100 million years)

Nucleus and internal organelles

Protozoa Evolve

~1.75 billion years ago (+/- 50 million)

Last Eukaryote Common Ancestor

LECA: Likely Sexual Reproduction

~1.75 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

single-stranded DNA viruses

Monodnaviria

1.65 Billion Yeas Ago (+/- 50 million)

Life that later leads to these kingdoms separates.

Plant Ancestors Split from Animal and Fungi Ancestors

~1.55 Billion Years Ago (+/- 5 million)

Two "Anterior" Flagella - plant rowboats

Bikonts: Plant Ancestors Split Off Again (Front-Pull Pioneers)

1.5 Billion Years Ago (+/- 100 million years)

Chloroplast refinement, chlorophyll variants

Red-Green Algae Ancestors Split

~1.3 Billion Years Ago (+/- 100 million)

Transition to a Single Flagellum

Unikonts: Single-Motor flagella Reform

~1.3 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

Bacteria Diversify: Major modern phyla

~1.25 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

Stitch themselves permanently into the host’s genome

Retroviruses (within Riboviria)

~1.2 Billion Years Ago (+/- 300 million)

Cytoplasmic streaming and vesicle transport

Intracellular Flow and Nutrient Exchange

~1.15 Billion Years Ago (+/- 50 million)

12 unique amino acids + glycogen energy storage + True Posterior Flagellum

Opisthokonts: True Posterior Flagellum

~1.1 Billion Years Ago (inferred, +/- 100 million)

Small motile gamete and larger nutrient-rich gamete

Oogamy: Early Gamete Specialization Before Animals

Sperm and egg cell on microscope. Scientific background.

~1 Billion years ago (+/- 200 million)

Extreme genetic theft

Giant viruses (within Varidnaviria)

~950 Million Years Ago (+/- 50 million)

External digestion + chitin cell walls

Fungi Ancestors Split Off: (aquatic Holomycota)

~750 Million Years Ago (+/- 50 million)

Animal Ancestors Split Off: Cadherin Cell Glue (Holozoa)

640 Million Years Ago (+/- 20 million)

Stable cell adhesion and tissue specialization

First Multicellular Animals

635-600 Million Years Ago

Proto-brain; Pre-brain memory; Presentient.

Presentient Animals Emerge: The Ediacaran Prelude

~620 Million Years Ago (+/- 20 million)

tissue-level reproduction

First Animal Egg Layers

600 Mya

Chemoreception: Taste and Smell Emerge

~600 Million years ago (+/- 20 million)

Sperm-like reproduction to spread seed to new soil.

First True Fungi: Chytrids (and living fossils)

555 Million Years Ago (+/- 5 million)

Nerve nets and muscle cells

First True Animals – Comb Jellyfish

~550 Million Years Ago (+/- 25 million)

Diffusion and body-cavity circulation

Internal Fluid Transport in Early Animals

545 Million Years Ago (after through-gut digestion: mouth/anus)

Circulatory fluid transport (veins)

True Circulatory Systems: Blood Veins

540 Mya

Vision Emerges; Proto-Simple Brains; Pre-vertebrate Cord.

Vision Emerges: The Pre-fish Chordates

530 Million BCE

530 to 520 Million Years Ago

First Vertebrates

520 Million Years Ago

First Simple Brains; Proto-Short-Term Memory; Simple Sentience.

Earliest Known Hunter

520 Million BCE

Simple Brains; Proto-Short-Term Memory; Simple Sentience.

Simple Sentience Settles: Haikouichthys

510 Million BCE

Not a fish ancestor, not our ancestor.

Simple Cephalopod Sentience Evolves

~480 MYA (+/- 20 million)

Filamentous growth (hyphae); terrestrial colonization

Hyphae break rock

470 Million Years Ago (+/- 10 million)

Early water transport

Embryophytes: First True Plants

~450 Million years ago (+/- 10 million)

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (Glomeromycota symbiosis)

Fungal Underground Alliance

425 Million Years Ago

425 MYA (+/- 15 Million Years)

Keratin Genes & the Rise of Scales in Fish

~425 Million years ago (+/- 25 million)

Ascomycota and Basidiomycota Split

Fungal Great Split: Ascomycota & Basidiomycota

~420 MYA (+/- 20 million)

Large upright fungal structures (e.g., Prototaxites)

Fungal Giants of the Devonian

414 Million BCE

Oldest Known Air Breather

400 Million BCE

Lungs Evolve: Lobe-Finned Fish and the Lungfish Ancestor

385 Million Years Ago (+/- 5 million years)

Secondary growth wood and deep roots

First True Trees: Spore Reproduction

~380 million years ago (± 15 million)

Air breathing lungs and lobed pectoral fins

The Senegal Bichir: A Living Fossil

375 Mya

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Simple Sentience.

Long-Term Memory Evolves: Tiktaalik

370 Mya

Land Hearing Emerges; Yet Larger Brains.

Land Hearing Emerges: Amphibians

318 Million BCE

Reptile Amniotic Eggs

Corn snake hatching, Pantherophis guttatus guttatus, also know as red rat snake

~308 million years ago (+/- 5 million)

Naked seeds in cones (gymnosperm reproduction)

Conifers branch off

307 million years ago

2026 Discovery Pushing Back Herbivores

First Land Herbivore: Tyrannoroter heberti

300 million years ago

±20 million years

Proto-Play

~300 million years ago (± 10 million years)

Stem Selachians: Modern Sharks LCA

295 Million BCE

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Early Complex Sentience.

Early Complex Sentience Emerges: Dimetrodon

270 Million Years Ago (+/- 5 million years)

Efficient vascular networks inside leaves

Ginkgo biloba-like Trees: True Leaves

~270 million years ago (± 20 million years)

Increased light capture area

Ginkgo biloba — A Living Fossil in My Backyard

ginko, leaf, ginko tree, ginko leaf, nature, medicinal plant, green, tree, ginko, ginko, ginko, ginko, ginko, ginko tree

Circa 260 Million BCE

Plate Tectonics

252 MYA (+/- 5 million years)

Needle morphology and resin canals

Pine Needles Evolve

~252 MYA (Permian–Triassic boundary)

Massive fungal proliferation after extinction

Fungal Survivors of Extinction

250 Million BCE to 1 CE

Pangaea Super Continent Breakup

245 Million Years Ago

Erect hind-limb posture

Dinosauromorphs Emerge: Asilisaurus kongwe

243 Million Years Ago

Strengthened hip and shoulder architecture

Nyasasaurus parringtoni

240 Million Years Ago

Elongated hind limbs, better running, reduced forelimbs

Marasuchus lilloensis

240 Million Years Ago

XX/XY Sex System Emerges: A Tale of Mammalian Evolution

229 Million Years Ago (± 1.5 million)

Fully open hip socket (perforated acetabulum)

First True Dinosaur: Eoraptor lunensis.

225 million years ago (±5 million years)

When dinosaurs rose, our line quietly began.

Platypus–Ape Common Ancestor

203 Million BCE (+/- 3 million)

Differentiated teeth and true mammalian jaw

Morganucodon: An Early Mammalian

190 Million Years Ago (+/- 10 million years)

Parental care, brain plasticity, extended juvenile period

Early Play Evolves in Mammals

185 Million BCE

Placental nutrient transfer (in placentals)

Mammals: First Live Births

145 Million Years Ago (+/- 5 million years)

Rapid vascular transport

Modern Trees: Modern Leaves

140 Million BCE

South America Splits from Africa

By 130 Million Years Ago

Molecular analysis might push this back to 149 or maybe even 256 mya.

The First Flowers

circa 125 Million BCE

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Complex Sentience; Likely Proto Self-aware.

Complex Sentience Settles: Eomaia scansoria

125 Million Years Ago

Expanded Limbic System, reward circuitry

Animal Vocabulary: Dozens of Words

~95 Million Years Ago (+/- 5 million)

Tall, fire-resistant, long-lived conifer specialization.

Redwood Lineage Emerges

80 Million BCE

Appendix

80 Million Years Ago (+/- 10 million years)

Enlarged neocortex

Higher Play Evolves in Social Mammals

66 Million BCE

Grasping hand and flexible ankles

Purgatorius — Earliest known proto-primate.

60 Million Years Ago

Opposable Thumb Emerges

56 Million BCE (+/- 2 million)

Enhanced color perception, Diet-driven brain growth

Plesiadapis: First fruit-insect eaters.

56 Million BCE

Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean

Fama Clamosa, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

50 Million BCE

Territory memory, where things are, hippocampus development

Early Self-Awareness: Miacis

32 Million Years Ago (+/- 2 million)

Ape Thumb Evolves

30 Million BCE

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Complex Sentience; Semi Self-awareness settles in.

Early Intelligence Emerges: Aegyptopithecus zeuxis

27 Million Years Ago (+/- 2 million)

Large neocortex, Coalition politics emerge

Baboons Branch Off: Old World Monkeys

20 Million Year Ago (+/- 2 Million Years)

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Complex Sentience; Maybe Self-aware; Likely Simple EI.

Genus Proconsul (Self-Awareness Settles)

18 Million Years Ago, ± 3 million years

Causal reasoning, Early prefrontal integration

Great Apes: Medicine Emerges

17 Million Years Ago, ± 1 million

Long-distance pair bonding, Fine motor control

Gibbons Branch Off: Genus Hylobates

16.5 Million Years Ago (+/- 2 Million Years)

Tool potential begins, Neocortical expansion

Emergence of the Great Apes (Great Apes LCA)

Lived 16 to 14 Million Years Ago

Prefrontal–limbic integration, Reading others, Modulating reaction

Genus Kenyapithecus: EI Emerges

circa 15 Million Years Ago

Inferior frontal gyrus homologues, Mirror neuron systems

Animal Vocabulary: Thousands of Words (The Great Apes)

14.5 Million Years Ago (+/- 2 million)

Limbic vocalization pathways, Breath control

Laughter Emerges

By 14 Million Years Ago

Phenotype Variations

Skin Color Diversity Across and within Primate Species

Emerged 13 mya, extinct 9 to 7 mya

Cultural Transmission

Genus Dryopithecus: Cultural Transmission Emerges

Emerged 12.5 to 12 mya, extinct 8.5 to 7 mya.

Complex Brains; Long-Term Memory; Complex Sentience; Self-aware; Complex EI.

Orangutans Branch Off: Genus Sivapithecus

Emerged 10 mya, extinct 9.8 to 9 mya.

Ancestral Hominids (us, pre-split)

Gorillas Branch Off: Genus Nakalipithecus

9 Million Years Ago

Enhanced spatial mapping and endurance planning

Transition from Trees to Savannah Begins

Emerged 9 mya, extinct 100,000 BCE.

Genus Gigantopithecus

7.5 Million Years Ago

Advanced coalition politics and tool precursors

Chimpanzees Branch Off (CHLCA)

7 Million BCE

Partial bipedal posture + visual reorientation

Genus: Sahelanthropus (Walking Upright)

7 Million Years Ago

Genus Gorilla

6 Million Years Ago (Maybe Us)

Femoral adaptation, Motor cortex recalibration

Genus: Orrorin

Lived 5.8 to 4.4 Million Years Ago (Maybe Us)

Reduced aggression, Reduced canine dimorphism

Genus: Ardipithecus

3.66 Million Years Ago

Hominin

Echoes of Early Steps: The Laetoli Footprints

3.4 Million Years Ago

cognitive sequencing + motor precision + future modeling

Early Wood tools

3.3 Million BCE (Hominins)

Prefrontal Cortex Expansion, Internal 3D modeling

Early Stone Tools

3.3 Million Years Ago

Collective Learning Emerges

3 Million Years Ago (+/- 400,000 years)

Human Thumb Evolves

3 Million Years Ago

+/- 1 million years

Human Laughter Emerges

2.9 Million BCI

Hominin, Us, From 4.2 to 2 MYA

Genus: Australopithecus

2.7 Million Years Ago

Hominin, Not Us (2.7 to 1.2 million years ago)

Genus: Paranthropus

2.3 Million BCE

Homo habilis: Our Intelligence Settles.

2 Million BCE

Hominids, Not Us (different branch)

Emergence of the Chimpanzee Family

Bonobo chimpanzees in the wilderness in Democratic Republic of the Congo

2 Million Years Ago

First Proto-Containers

2 Million Years Ago (Up to about 15,000 years ago)

Olduvai Gorge Site: A Glimpse into Early Organizational Behavior

1.9 Million BCE

Homo erectus: A True Omnivore

1.8 Million Years Ago (+/- 500,000 years)

Emergence of Early Hominin Shelters

1.8 million years ago

Earliest Known Toothpicks

1.76 Million BCE

Hand Axe

1.75 Million Years Ago

Modern Gorilla Species

1.52 Million BCE

1.53 to 1.51 Million BCE

Oldest Modern Human-like Footprints

1.5 Million Years Ago (+/- 500,000 years)

Chimpanzee-Bonobo Split

1.2 Million BCE

Supported by DNA evidence.

Less Body Hair Emerges in Homo erectus

1.2 Million BCE

Homo antecessor: Earlier Modern Looks

800,000 BCE

800,000 to 200,000 BCE

Rapid Brain Growth

790,000 BCE

Genus Homo

Fire-Altered Stone Tools

770,000 BCE

from circa 770,000 BCE to circa 5700 BCE

Seasonal Settlements at Zhoukoudian site

700,000 BCE

Hyoid Bone: Speach Emerges

700,000 BCE

Highly speculative. Based on rational analysis of the great apes.

Hominin World Population: 2 Million (speculative)

700,000 Years Ago

Full Emotional Intelligence Emerges

Circa 640,000 Years Ago

Homo heidelbergensis on Earth from about 640,000 to 200,000 BCE.

Homo heidelbergensis

600,000 Years Age

First Clothes: Proto-Clothing and the Advent of Garments

475,000 Years Ago

Transcendental Intelligence Emerges

440,000 Years Ago (+/- 40,000 years)

Neanderthal-Sapien LCA

430,000 BCE

On Earth from 430,000 to 29,000 BCE

Homo neanderthalensis: Verified True Symbolic Thought

400,000 Years Ago

Genus Orangutans

circa 400,000 Years Ago

Nice, France

Terra Amata Site, France

350,000 BCE

400,000 to 300,000 BCE

Oldest Surviving Spear

335,000 BCE

Human, but probably not our human branch.

Homo naledi: A Likely Hybrid

315,000 BCE

Homo Sapiens: Advanced Transcendental Intelligence

300,000 BCE

500 to 30 Thousand BCE

Neanderthal-Denisovan Split

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spread_and_Evolution_of_Denisovans.jpg

300,000 BCE

Africa; 300,000 to 500,000 years ago

Venus of Tan-Tan

300,000 BCE

Very speculative.

Hominin World Population: 2 Million (maybe)

300,000 Years Ago

Survived from about 300,000 to 125,000 years ago.

Homo rhodesiensis: A Hybrid Lesson

Before 290,000 BCE

Hominins; 290,000 to 700,000 years ago

Bhimbetka Petroglyphs, Cupules

275,000 BCE

Adam: Haplogroup A

236,000 Years Ago

Extinction: Homo naledi

200,000 Years Ago

Extinction: Homo heidelbergensis

175,000 BCE

200,000 to 150,000 BCE

Eve: Haplogroup L

150,000 BCE

200,000 to 150,000 BCE

Modern Human Looks and Brains

lover couple of caucasian male and female lay down at the beach relaxing

146,000 Years Ago

Homo longi: Rewriting Human Migration Narratives

125,000 BCE

125,000 to 60,000 BCE

Seasonal Settlements at Klasies River Caves

125,000 Years Ago

Extinction: Homo rhodesiensis

120,000 BCE

130,000 to 100,000 BCE

Many Early Out of Africa Migrations

100,000 BCE

Extinction: Gigantopithecus

76,000 BCE

Earliest Known Prepared Burial, “Mtoto”

75,000 BCE

Blombos Cave Engravings

70,000 BCE

2,800 Generations Ago

“The” Human DNA

Spiral strands of DNA on the dark background

70,000 BCE

Starting by 70,000 BCE

Successful Out of Africa Migration

70,000 BCE

2,880 Generations Ago

Oldest Known Bracelet

By 70,000 BCE

World Population: 1.5 Million

70,000 BCE

circa 60 to 70 thousand BCE

The Sentinelese people on North Sentinel Island

65,000 BCE

Homo sapiens or an earlier Homo species

The Settlement of Australia

65,000 BCE

Extinction: Homo luzonensis

Before 64000 BCE

Upper Paleolithic

Neanderthal Art: Symbolic Thought

50 to 60 Thousand BCE

Divje Babe Flute

50,000 BCE

Extinction: Homo Erectus

50,000 BCE

Speculative: 20 to more than 50 thousand years ago.

Cuban Underwater City: More Research Needed

48,000 BCE

58,000 to 48,000 BCE

Extinction: Homo floresiensis

48,000 BCE (+/- 2,000 years)

Neanderthal Rope!

42,200 BCE

44,200 to 43,000 years old according to 24 radiocarbon tests

Lebombo bone: First Lunar Phase Counter

circa 41,900 BCE

Sulawesi Cave Art

circa 40,000 BCE

Phenotype Variation: Eye Shape and the Epicanthic Fold

circa 40,000 BCE

Spain & France

Upper Paleolithic Cave Art with Symbols

40,000

Extinction: Denisovans

38,000 BCE

38,000 to 33,000 BCE

Venus of Hohle Fels

Ramessos, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

38,000 BCE

38,000 to 33,000 BCE

Bone Flute

38,000 BCE

Extinction range: 38,000 BCE to 22,000 BCE

Extinction: Neanderthals

30,000 BCE

Chauvet Cave Paintings

30,000 BCE

29 to 32 thousand years ago.

Czeck: Dolní Věstonice Community

30,000 BCE

32,000 Years Ago

Sunghir Burial Site

28,000 BCE

28,000 to 21,000 BCE

Advanced Sewing Needles

By 25,000 Years Ago (+/- 10,000 years)

Modern Skin Color Variety Emerges

20,000 BCE

From circa 20,000 to 3,000 BCE

Seasonal Settlements at Franchthi Cave

By 20,000 BCE

Earliest Known Domesticated Animal: Dogs

Wolf-to-dog: same species, dogs are a subspecies

18,000 BCE

15 to 20 Thousand Years Agao

Ukraine: Mezhyrich Community

circa 14,800 BCE

Seasonal Settlements at Monte Verde

circa 13000 BCE

The Clovis Culture

Before 14,400 BCE

Middle East

The Invention of Bread

circa 11,500 BCE

Evidence of farming: rye seeds

Tell Abu Hureyra

10,000 BCE

Estimates range from 2 to 5 million

World Population: 4 Million

9,700 BCE

Start of "our" Holocene geological epoch

Neolithic Revolution

Trevethy Quoit a Portal Dolmen in Cornwall

Start of heyday: circa 9600 BCE

Initial construction circa 11,000 BCE (13,000 years ago)

Göbekli Tepe Culture (11000 BCE to 8000 BCE)

Before 9000 BCE

Mexico

Corn

before 9000 BCE

Plaster Invented

9000 BCE

Jericho Founded

circa 8000 BCE

China

The Domestication of Rice

8000 BCE

Genetic Mutation from the Neolithic Era

Phenotype Variation: Blue Eyes

Photo of Woman With Blue Eyes and Black Hair

circa 8000 BCE (speculative)

Under Investigation: Yonaguni Monument

circa 8000 BCE

Americas Agrarian Society

Mexico: Guilá Naquitz (Agrarian)

7500 BCE

Phenotype Variation: Lactose Tollerance

circa 7500 BCE

Middle East Agrarian Society

Egypt: Nabta Playa (Agrarian)

circa 7500 BCE

Europe/Mediterranean Agrarian Society

Greece: Sesklo Culture (Agrarian)

Circa 8000-7000 BCE

Fuxi (伏羲)

Circa 8000-7000 BCE

Nüwa (女娲)

circa 7200 BCE

Jordan

Ain Ghazal Statues: Early Plaster Art

7,100 BCE

7,100 to 5,700 BCE

City of Catalhoyuk

circa 7000 BCE

9,000 Years Ago

Beer, Ale, Wine

glass of beer, sausages and bread on the table

circa 7000 BCE

12,000 to 9,000 BCE (representing the start of 12,000 years)

Zoroastrian Universe Creation Date

circa 7000 BCE

Asia Agrarian Society

China: Jiahu Settlement (Agrarian)

circa 7000 BCE

Oceana-Australasia Agrarian Society

New Guinea: Kuk Early Agricultural Site (Agrarian)

7000 BCE

7000-6001 BCE

Neolithic Symbols: China

6900 to 6300 BCE

Origins over 9,000 Years Ago

Atlit Yam Neolithic Village

6500 BCE

6500 through 1900 BCE

Early Sumer Civilization

6,000 BCE

Oldest Known Flute in China

Before 5500 BCE

Poland

Cheese

circa 5,260 BCE

7,260 Years Ago

Dispilio Tablet: European Proto-Writing

4900 BCE

Up to 7,900 Years Ago (Neolithic)

Vinor Circular Building: a roundel

circa 4500 BCE

6,500 Years Ago

Proto-Inca People

4,004 BCE

Sunday, October 23, 4004 BCE

4004 BCE, The Bible’s Earth Creation Date

4000 BCE

6,000 Years Ago

Proto-Olmec People

3761 BCE

3761 BCE, Judaic Earth Creation Date

3500 BCE

Man Made Glass

circa 3500 BCE

5,500 Years Ago

Proto-Maya People

3400 BCE

3400 BCE to 100 CE (end of use for scholarly work)

Cuneiform Writing

3180 BCE

3180 to 2500 BCE

Skara Brae Scottish Village

3114 BCE

August 11, 3114 BCE

3114 BCE: Mayan Earth Creation Date

3100 BCE

By 5,100 Years Ago

Oldest Known Dice: Skara Brae

3000 BCE

Estimates range from 9 to 16 million

World Population: 15 Million

3000 BCE

South America: 5,000 Years Ago

Fuente Magna Bowl: Forgery or Real?

circa 2800 BCE

The Divine Farmer

Shennong (神农)

King of Uruk

Gilgamesh, circa 2700 BCE

2700 BCE

188 Generations Ago

Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BCE)

circa 2650 BCE (+/- 50 years)

The Yellow Emperor (Huangdi)

By 2600 BCE

The Rise of the Maya Civilization

circa 2600 BCE

The Wise King

King Shuruppak

circa 2600 BCE

Indus Valley Script: Northwest India

A network of ideas.

New Look

Knowledge Framework

The what, why, and how of life.

Philosophy

2400 BCE

Egypt

First Mail, First Postal System

2350 BCE

2500 BCE to 2250 BCE

Oldest Known Library: Ebla

2348 BCE

Noah’s Flood Myth

Around 2000 BCE

4,000 Years Ago

Mayans Emerge

Before 1900 BCE

Mesoamerica

Chocolate

1900 BCE

from circa 1900 BCE to 1700 BCE

Cretan Hieroglyphic script: Greek Island

1900 BCE

1900-1500 BCE

Proto-Sinaitic script

1755 BCE

Code of Hammurabi

1,700 BCE

148 Generations Ago

Rigveda Samhita, Veda Book 1 of 4

By 1600 BCE

Dragons: Early Dinosaur Fossils

Around 1600 BCE

3,600 Year Ago

Olmec Society Emerges

1500 BCE

1500 BCE to 500 BCE

The Lapita Culture

1400 BCE

circa 1700–1400 BCE

Minoan Frescoes at Knossos

circa 1350 BCE

Frescoes of the Tomb of Nebamun

1344 BCE

circa 1340 to 1320 BCE

Oldest Known Monotheistic Religion: Atenism

1300 BCE

1500-1100 BCE

Phoenician Alphabet

1250 BCE

Oracle Bone Script: China

1100 BCE (+/- 300 years)

125 Generations Ago

Major Religion: Hinduism

900 BCE

From before 900 BCE to 400 BCE.

Olmec Hieroglyphs: Mexico

circa 800 BCE

Gargi Vachaknavi

Hindu god Ganesha on white wooden table. Candles on background

The Nature of Being.

We are more than self-aware.

Ontology

Nature is the master plan.

Holism

624 BCE

Circa 624-546 BCE

The Birth of Logic

Early or "First" Science

The Grandfather of Western Philosophy

Thales of Miletus (624 – 546 BCE)

Built circa 700 BCE, destroyed 612 BCE.

Library of Ashurbanipal

b. circa 604 BCE

By tradition, 604-517 BCE

Laozi

600 BCE

Spherical Earth

Realistic Earth Planet against the the star sky

600 BCE

New Look

New Look: The Flood Stories

Go with the flow of nature.

Wu-wei or “non-action”

Let life unfold organically.

Ziran, Authenticity, or Authentic Self

A good life is a balanced life.

Yin and Yang

We can only describe nature.

Unknowable Dao

Pythagoreanism

Father of Mathematics

Pythagoras (570-495 BCE)

b. 551 BCE

551 to 479 BCE, aged 72

Confucius

Normal is our current experiences.

New Look

Normalcy, Normal, and Abnormal

The abstractions of life.

Schemas

b. circa 563

circa 563 to 486 BCE

Gautama Buddha

Your idea of "self" does not exist.

Non-Self or Anatman and Self or Atman

The separation of mind and body is an illusion.

Nondualism and Dualism

born circa 535 BCE

circa 535 to 475 BCE, likely aged about 60 years old

Heraclitus

Change is the only constant.

Impermanence and Flux

Your sub-culture and choices.

Worldview

Existence before essence.

Crafting yourself from your given traits.

Identity

500 BCE

circa 450 BCE

Anaxagoras (circa 500-428 BCE)

Socratic Questioning

Father of Western Ethics

Socrates (469 – 399 BCE)

Atomist

The Laughing Philosopher

Democritus (460 BCE – circa 370 BCE)

451 BCE

Law of the Twelve Tables

b. 428 BCE

428 to 347 BCE

Plato

A constant state of self-assessment.

Reflective Inquiry

Strategic ignorance.

Ignorance is Bliss

New Look

Plato and Aristotle’s Relationship

b. 384 BCE

384 to 322 BCE

Aristotle

Logically connect things.

Syllogisms

Prioritize your ideas over reality.

Rationalism

Prioritize reality over your ideas.

Empiricism

Reality is organized and mathematical.

Logic

Flaws in reasoning.

Logical Fallacies

Flourish now and into the future.

Eudaimonia

Daoism

Chuang Tzu (369-286 BCE)

b. 360 BCE

360 to 270 BCE

Pyrrho of Elis

Question your beliefs and avoid dogmatism.

Skepticism

Shared, not natural agreements.

Social Constructs 101

New Look

Epicurean Happiness Toolkit: A 4-Step Structure

b. 341 BCE

341 to 270 BCE

Epicurus

Don't waste time on the unknowable.

Live in the present.

Agnosticism

Prefer long term pleasures over short.

Dichotomy of Pleasure

Stoicism

Father of Stoicism

Zeno of Citium (334-262 BCE)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paolo_Monti_-_Servizio_fotografico_(Napoli,_1969)_-_BEIC_6353768.jpg

322 BCE

Wake of Alexander the Great

The Foundation of the Maurya Empire

106 BCE

84 Generations Ago

Cicero (106-43 BCE)

b. circa 20 BCE

circa 20 BCE to circa 55 CE

Philo of Alexandria

Stories have complex meanings.

Allegorical Interpretation

Stoic Tradition

Roman Stoic Statesman

Seneca the Younger (4 BCE – 65 CE)

65 CE

Earliest Known Magnification

$crystal lens ball in a woman’s hand, with a refracted view of a misty country lane$

circa 100 CE

78 Generations Ago

Epictetus (50-135 CE)

New Look

Marcus Aurelius: An Explorative Agnostic

New Look

Stoic Virtue Framework: A 4-Step Structure

born 121

121 to 180 CE

Marcus Aurelius

Emotions are judgements.

Cognitive Reframing

Contemplate the future.

Negative Visualization

Step outside your reality.

Cognitive Distancing

185 CE

Verified. Historically documented and empirically validated.

RCW 86 Supernova

galaxy, cosmos, physical, science fiction wallpaper. Deep space.

circa 300 BCE to 200 CE

Badarayana

sand sculpture of Ganesha in Hinduism, the god of wisdom and well-being with the head of an elephant

Karma

Cause and Effect

Maya, Illusion.

Cognitive Biases

New Look

The “Dark” Middle Ages

New Look

Holistic Eudaimonia

born 354

354 to 430 CE

Augustine of Hippo

Spacetime

Chronoception

Block Theory of the Universe

New Look

Eternity

born 872

872 to 950

Al-Farabi

Blank slate filled with impressions

Intellect

You exist, then you mold your essence.

Essence and Existence

New Look

The Floating Man Thought Experiment

born 965

965 to 1040

Alhazen

1000 CE

Word-Spacing

Circa 1020

New Look

The Five Senses of Humans

Interpretation

Touchstone: Perception

Mike's Spacetime Game

New Look

Time Trail Game: Mindful Time Travel

Neoplatonist

French Philosopher

Bernard of Chartres (circa 1070 – 1130)

born 1079

1079 to 1141

Peter Abelard

Good Intent vs Good Results

Intent

Abstraction brings understanding and illusion

New Look

Object-Oriented Nature

Patterns in Nature

Pattern Recognition

New Look

The Problem of Universals

New Look

The Idea of Ideas

New Look

Grand Rational Framework

1150

Angkor Wat

Around 1200 CE

Inca Society Emerges

1215

Magna Carta

12 Nov 1216

The First Great Charter of King Henry III

1300

The Māori Settlement of New Zealand: Earliest Known

1300 CE

Upper and Lowercase Starts

1400

Hourglass

1440

Germany

Printing Press Invented

born 1469

1469 to 1539

Guru Nanak

born 1473

Lived 1473 to 1543, aged 70.

Nicolas Copernicus

5 ethical guideposts

The Five Thieves

28 Feb 1533

Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)

born 1561

1561 to 1626

Francis Bacon

born 1564

1564 to 1642

Galileo Galilei

1590 to 1640 CE

Microscope Invented = Microworld Discovered!

Various bacteria cells in microscope. Streptococcus pneumonia, p

1596-1649

Rene Descartes

How new ideas become.

New Look

Idea Modeling

3 Types: Empirical, Rational, & Irrational

New Look

Pragmatism

circa 1600 CE

Late 16th to Early 18th Century

The Birth of Baroque Art

white and brown concrete building painting

born circa 1602

circa 1602 to Mar 1683

Roger Williams

1748 with Montesquieu

Evolved from 1640 through 1748

Separation of Church and State

Everyone is equal.

Liberalism

5 Nov 1605

Gunpowder Treason Plot

1606

King James I Orders New British Flag

1608

Modern Cosmology

1611

King James Bible Published

18 Mar 1612

Bartholomew Legate Burned at the Stake

11 Nov 1620

Mayflower Compact

The Idea of the Unknowable Dao

New Look

Absolute Truth

Processes that uncover truth.

New Look

Truth Hammers

1629

Modern science started in the 1600s.

The Scientific Method

New Look

Idea Theory Framework

born 1632

1632 to 1704

John Locke

Jul 1632

Relativity Principle

Law protects.

Modern law emerges after the Middle Ages.

Law

Life, Liberty, & Property Rights

Natural Rights

Protection against authority.

Emerged in the 1600s.

Due Process

born 1632

1632-1677, aged 44

Baruch Spinoza

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spinoza_(cropped).jpg

1638

Infinitesimal

1641 - Two Substances: Body & Soul

Cartesian Dualism

Mind-Body Dualism

New Look

Descartes Thought Experiment

7 Sep 1643

Book: A Key Into the Language of America

1644

Book: The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution

14 Mar 1644

Patent for Providence Plantations, Roger Williams

1654

Book: Christenings make not Christians

Jul 1663

Founder, Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations

God is nature, nature is everything.

Western monism emerged with Spinoza in the 1600s.

Monism

Spirituality is exploration.

New Look

Material-Spiritual Framework

New Look

Open Viewpoint Method (OVM)

9 Aug 1672

The Great Quaker Debates!

1674

Protozoa Discovered: Microbiology Founded

25 Jun 1675

1675-1678: The King Philip’s War

1679

Roger’s Last Known Essay

5 Jul 1687

The Invention of Calculus

1689

English Bill of Rights

Citizens consent to be governed.

Emerged about 1689.

The Social Contract

The force of public opinion.

The fourth emerged in the 18th & 19th centuries.

Fourth Estate

Storytelling for the people.

Modern journalism started in the early 1700s.

Journalism

born 1694

1694-1778

Voltaire

born 1711

1711-1776

David Hume

Our Ideas are Not Reality

The Eastern unknowable Dao emerged in the West in the late 1700s.

Transcendental Idealism

Live by universal values.

Emerged in late 1700s.

Categorical Imperative

born 1724

1724-1804

Immanuel Kant

Knowledge is experience.

Skeptical Empiricism

Patterns might mislead.

The Problem of Induction

Life is definitions & observations.

New Look

Hume’s Fork

Instincts and Impressions

New Look

Modern Innate Knowledge

New Look

Fear-Based Ethics

New Look

Ethical Roadmap

Separation of Powers

Matured about 1748.

Checks and Balances

4 Jul 1776

Declaration of Independence

Oct 1776

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

Nov 1783

Black Holes Proposed

$Black Holes Proposed$

17 Sep 1787

The Constitution of the United States

b. 1788

1788 to 1860, aged 72

Arthur Schopenhauer

3 Dec 1791

Bill of Rights

7 Feb 1795

11th Amendment

born 1806

1806-1873

John Stuart Mill

British Naturalist

Charles Darwin (1809-1882)

b. 1813

1813 to 1855, aged 42

Søren Aabye Kierkegaard

British Naturalist and Explorer

Father of Biogeography

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913)

1824

The Birth of Paleontology

Fossils: From Myth to Science

1842

Doppler Effect for Sound and Light

Use angst to guide your life.

1843: “Fear and Trembling” by Kierkegaard.

Anxiety “Angst”

New Look

Leap of Faith

born 1844

1844-1900

Friedrich Nietzsche

1848

Doppler Effect Observed for Stars

1853

Discovery: The Sumerian Flood Story

1858

Lived from 1858 to 1947, aged 89.

Max Planck

Cause no harm.

In "On Liberty," pub. 1859.

Harm Principle

1862: Ivan Turgenev novel "Fathers and Sons"

New Look

Nihilism

1864

Electromagnetic Radiation Theory

Born 1864.

Lived from 1864 to 1920, aged 56 years.

Max Weber (1864–1920)

6 Dec 1865

13th Amendment

Ancient fetters or legcuffs on the ground close-up

7 Sep 1868

14th Amendment

25 Feb 1869

15th Amendment

Born 1879.

Lived from 1879 to 1950, aged 70

Alfred Korzybski

1883

Barron v. Baltimore

Live Your Authentic Self

1883, 1885: From "Thus Spoke Zarathustra"

Übermensch

Live in the now.

1882/3/5: Refined in "Thus Spoke Zarathustra"

Eternal Recurrence

New Look

Authentic Recipe: Nietzsche’s Five-step Approach

Nietzsche Mustache

b. 1899

1899 to 1990, aged 90

Peter Zapffe

born 1905

1905-1980

Jean-Paul Sartre

Jun 1905

Special Relativity

The experience of living.

New Look

Consciousness

1905 CE

Radiometric Dating

Iodine 131(I-131)Radioactive isotopes used for hyperthyroidism treatment are stored in Lead boxes

24 Dec 1906

First Analog Radio Transmission

3 Feb 1913

16th Amendment

8 Apr 1913

17th Amendment

b. 1913

1913 to 1960, aged 46

Albert Camus

Nov 1915

General Relativity

16 Jan 1919

18th Amendment

18 Aug 1920

19th Amendment

2 Jun 1924

Native Americans Citizenship

Confront life head on.

1927: "Being and Time"

Heidegger’s Existentialism

1929

Galaxies Discovered! Doppler Effect used to measure distance!!

1931

Electron Microscope = Nanoworld Discovered!

1932

Oort Cloud

Don't live in bad-faith, be authentic.

1943: "Being and Nothingness" by Sartre.

Bad Faith

Existence precedes essence.

1943: "Being and Nothingness"

Sartre’s Existentialism

1946 CE

Radiocarbon Dating

21 Mar 1947

22nd Amendment

1958

Rediscovery: City of Catalhoyuk, circa 7100 BCE

1960

Hand Axes 1.7 Million Years Ago

1962

All States “allow” Native Americans to Vote

silhouette of native american shaman with pikestaff

23 Jan 1964

24th Amendment

20 May 1965

Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)

1975

Rediscovery of the Library of Ebla: circa 2350 BCE

Chapter 1 Quote Attribution Clarification

1994

Ancient Spears 350,000 Years Ago

2018

Discovery: Neanderthal Symbolic Thought

2018

Bread Making Pushed Back

Various bread with grain in a bowl on the table.

Apr 2019

Black Holes Confirmed

Featuring Mike's mantra.

Final Word

2026 (+/- 1 year)

In Progress

Space Station Closed-Loop Life Support

2028 (+/- 1 year)

In Progress

Lunar Gateway: Space Station Orbiting the Moon

2028 (+/- 2 years)

In Progress

The Dawn of Quantum Supremacy

2029 (+/- 2 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

Peak Oil Tipping Point: A New Era in Global Energy

2030

Scheduled.

Europa’s Vast Ocean Unveiled: Diving Deep into an Ocean World of Jupiter

2030 (+/- 2 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

The Rise of the Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI)

2032 (+/- 4 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

Digital AI Filesystem Emerge

2034: In 10 Years (+/- 2 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

Eradicating Diabetes: A Gene Editing Revolution

2039 (+/- 6 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

Permanent Mars Colony

2040: 15 Years From Now (+/- 5 years)

Speculative. Informed by accelerated technological trends and empirical data.

MaaS Tipping Point

2045 (+/- 5 years)

Rationally predicted based on current trends.

Tipping Point Transition From Animal Meats

2080: 60 Years From Now (+/- 10 years)

A Unified Origin Story

2090: 65 Years From Now (+/- 30 years)

Verified. Ratonally predicted. Timeline speculative.

1:1 Human-Android Ratio by 2090

2100: 75 Years From Now

World Population: 10.5 Billion (+/- 1 Billion)

Concept of population with globe and toy people

2175: 150 Years From Now (+/- 50 Years)

Speculative. Informed by accelerated technological trends and empirical data.

Kardashev Type I: Planetary Civilization

Reference Date: 2200 CE (+/- 50 years)

The Dawn of Empirical Spirituality

2200: 175 Years From Now (+/- 50 years)

Biological Immortality

2325: 300 Years From Now

Highly speculative. Rationally deduced with supporting empirical data.

Alien Communication Expected Date

radio telescope at sunset, 3d illustration

2450 (+/- 75 years)

Non-Surface Human Population Tipping Point

3100: 1,100 Years From Now (+/- 200 years)

Speculative. Informed by accelerated technological trends and empirical data.

Post Human Evolution

beautiful woman human robot artificial intelligence

3825: 1,800 Years From Now (+/- 200 years)

Mars Terraforming: Greening the Red Planet

4025: 2,000 Years From Now (+/- 1,000 Years)

Speculative. Rationally deduced with supporting empirical data.

Kardashev Type II: Stellar Civilization

10,000 Years From Now (+/- 5,000 Years)

Speculative. Rationally predicted and supported by empirical data.

Kardashev Type III: Galactic Civilization

13,000 Years From Now

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

New North Star

Within 100,000 Years From Now

Speculative. Ratonally predicted and supported by empirical data.

Next Global Ice Age

Aerial view of a big city with building roofs covered by snow. Clip. Flying above frozen city and a

1 Million Years From Now

Verified. Empirically supported and rationally deduced.

Brand New Constellations

250 Million Years From Now

Speculative. Ratonally predicted.

New Pangaea Proxima Supercontinent

Owen is the best GG, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

4.5 Billion Years From Now

Verified. Ratonally predicted.

Milky Way-Andromeda Collision

5 Billion Years in the Future

Verified. Ratonally predicted.

Death of the Sun

7 Billion Years From Now

Verified. Ratonally predicted.

Formation of a New Solar System

50 Billion Years From Now

Speculative. Ratonally predicted.

Degradation of Earth’s Orbit

1 to 37 Quadrillion Years From Now

Highly speculative. Rationally deduced.

Black Dwarf Sun

1+ Googol Years From Now

Highly speculative. Rationally deduced.

Lambda Model: Heat Death of the Universe

Visual Insights All timelines & Galleries.